A Century of Chess: New York 1915
New York 1915

A Century of Chess: New York 1915

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In 1915 there was of course no chess in Europe and all competitive activity was limited to America. New York City held a tournament featuring the hemisphere’s strongest players, including Capablanca and Marshall. It was essentially the same tournament as the 1913 Masters, this time with Capablanca and Marshall even further ahead of the rest of the field: they were the only ones with positive scores, Marshall finishing five points ahead of the third place finisher, while Capablanca was a full point ahead of him. Capablanca took two short draws against Marshall and swept the rest of the field, really without breaking a sweat. The intimidation factor helped. Kupchik resigned a game in which material was still completely equal - but he was overawed by Capablanca’s positional advantage. Chajes, a very strong master, placed a rook en prise. Special preparation was no help - Chajes, in his other game, cooked up a prepared line based on a perceived 'hole' in a Capablanca published analysis, but Capablanca turned out to be a step ahead. For the most part, though, Capablanca simply exchanged into an endgame and thoroughly outplayed his opponent. New York 1915 was one of the first glimpses of Capablanca in his era of invincibility - in which his glamour and sangfroid were hard to distinguish from arrogance. For their round 8 game, for instance, Edward Lasker arrived at the board to find Capablanca nowhere in sight. After 50 minutes, with only ten minutes before a forfeit, the gentlemanly Lasker became very concerned that Capablanca had overslept and called his room. Capablanca answered by berating Lasker, saying that he was well aware of the time, was on his way, and Lasker’s call had cost him a precious minute. Capablanca arrived at the board with minutes to spare, played fifteen moves of theory, and then uncorked a new move that seemed to refute Lasker's opening. 

Marshall was similarly dominant, with a score of +10-0=4 but conceded two more draws than Capablanca did. 

Kupchik, a late entrant, had a fraught tournament. He was informed, while playing his game with Hodges, that his father had died. His games were postponed, he left the tournament for several days, then returned and, in a real departure from his quiet positional style, defeated Michelsen with a wild, tempestuous attack. 

Probably the tournament’s greatest drama occurred off the board in the omission of Jaffe, who was the United States' strongest player apart from Marshall and who by all accounts was blackballed from every tournament in which Capablanca appeared - a remnant of Jaffe’s behavior at Havana 1913, in which he was accused of throwing his game to Marshall in an effort to stop Capablanca.

Sources: Capablanca annotates some of his games from the tournament in My Chess CareerMarshall some of his in My Fifty Years of ChessEdward Winter discusses the group portrait in one of his posts