This is a good question, and I would like an answer to this as well since Philidor's Defense is commonly encountered at the club level. I have only a little bit of knowledge I can currently throw out about this type of position:
(1) Per MCO, Black must constantly watch for tactics against his weak f7-pawn, presumably moves like Bxf7+ or maybe Ng5, but I have yet to see a Philidor's Defense game of decent length that had a win from that threat. (Does somebody here know of such a game?)
(2) Bc4 that you show is slightly less popular than Be2, maybe because Black can harass White's bishop when it's posted at c4, which sometimes motivates White to retreat that bishop back to e2, where he could have played it in a single move:
1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 d6 {Philidor's Defense.}
3. d4 {"Morphy Attack."} exd4 {Exchange Variation.}
4. Nxd4 Nf6 {"Wall Defense."}
5. Nc3 {w 45%. develop. develop-nf6-to-force-nc3-to-block-c2>.}
5...Be7 {w 43%. develop. prepare-for ...O-O.}
6. Be2 {"Deviatkin Attack," q.v. #1 pop. w 40%. develop. prepare-for O-O.}
6. Bc4 {"Zepeda Attack," q.v. #2 pop. w 42%. develop.}
(3) ...Nc6 that you show is slightly less common than ...c6 and ...a6:
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1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 d6 {Philidor's Defense.}
3. d4 {"Morphy Attack."} exd4 {Exchange Variation.}
4. Nxd4 {feex>.} Nf6 {"Wall Defense."}
5. Nc3 Be7
6. Bc4 {"Zepeda Attack."}
6...O-O {w 38%.}
7. O-O {w 39%.}
7...c6 {"Ramik Defense," q.v. #1 pop. b 36%.}
7...a6 {"Wall Defense," q.v. #2 pop. w 38%.}
7...Nc6 {"Braun Defense," q.v. #3 pop. w 36%. develop.}
So, every time I am confronted with this opening as white, I have no clue on what to do. Now, obviously, I develop my pieces, castle and so on and so forth. But I just can't formulate a plan whatsoever. This is How I would normally go on: