modernist chess is a thing, and it is usually used to refer to the chess that came after the romantic era but prior to the hypermodern era and began with the positional discoveries of Steinitz.
just because an opening eventually uses center pawns to contest central squares doesnt make it not-hypermodern, although some openings are a bit more borderline than others in these classifications. Its a family resemblance term after all.
hypermodern openings where played prior to the hypermodern chess era. Strong players like Henry Bird, Howard Staunton and John Owen where playing hypermodern openings in ways we still do today in the 1850s! its just that the propriety of this type of play didnt become fully integrated into chess orthodoxy until later.
I've been working with John Owen's eponymous defense recently - and it is fascinating in its positional dynamics. Had to learn the hard way that Staunton's recommendation for an early c5 was wrong, though. Once you get past that, however, it is a lot of fun to play. Black is trying to fix, blockade, and then destroy d4 (so it's best to play 1. e4 e6 2. d4 b6, rather than playing b6 immediately), and white can't really force the d5 advance or adequately support this advanced queen pawn. White also has trouble supporting e4, and though he can advance it, this opens the long diagonal for black's b7 bishop. White gets some dynamic compensation for this central weakness, but it's an all-out fight for the center right from the beginning.
Seems to work up to the 1900 level just fine (I have not had a chance to throw it against an Expert yet). If d4 falls, white loses almost immediately, and even when it doesn't, white doesn't really have a safe way to castle. Black has weaknesses, too, such as the b5 square (which is why the c-pawn stays home rather than advancing), but the counterplay seems more than adequate.
Really fun stuff, especially for a hypermodern like me.
i happen to be a master that specializes in both the Owen's (1.e4 b6) and the english defense 1.d4 e6 2.c4 b6, although i get it from 1.d4 b6) and i play it agaisnt anyone, from class players to GM's and do fine. So if you have questions, ask away.
Do you think the pirc is modern?
What about the caro?
French?