Generally repertoires that begin 1.e4 e5 or 1.d4 d5 and are not systems.
Then you might ask whether you should pick the Spanish vs Italian, or pick the Slav vs 2...e6. Either are fine (lead to many fundamental structures and follow principles).
"Shortest number of moves" is a confusing criteria that doesn't really fit with what you're asking, so I ignored that.
What is the narrowest set of early opening move choices for the developing chess player that follows general opening principles and produces the variety of instructive pawn structures that are recommended for long-term improvement, and does so in the shortest number of moves?