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Ramified core of historical openings

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Yigor
Yigor
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Mar 19, 2017
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I adopt the following procedure to study historical openings using chessgames.com database. Let G be the oriented graph of all historical openings (till some fixed date) and G  the associated graph of pawn structures, cf.

https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-openings/pawn-structure-classification-codes

for terminological details. We say that a position belongs to the ramified core, denoted Core(G) if it appears in, at least, 2 games. I'll describe here the ramified core + 1 ply, i.e. its neigbourhood N(Core(G))

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood_(graph_theory)

First of all, I'm considering first 25 games (1475-1620).. I stands for the PSCC code of the initial position / pawn structure. Openings belonging to Core(G) are underlined.

 

  • I --> 2E --> 2Ed Scandinavian defense, Castellvi - Vinyoles (1475), 1.e4 d5
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 6e2E Petrov defense, Damiano - NN (1497), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nxe5
  • I --> 1E Van't Kruijs opening , NN - Lucena (1497), 1. e3
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1f --> 6e2E1f --> 6f2Ee Damiano gambit, Damiano - NN (1512), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 f6 3. Nxe5 fxe5 4. Qh5 Ke7
  • I --> 1C Saragossa opening , Lucena -Quintana (1515), 1. c3
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1f --> 6e2E1f --> 6f2Ee --> 6f2Ee1g Damiano gambit, Ruy Lopez - Da Cutri (1560), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 f6 3. Nxe5 fxe5 4. Qh5 g6
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2DEe1C --> 6De3d2E1C0d --> 6Ce2DE --> 6CEe2D Giuoco Piano: closed game, Scovara - Boi (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Bc5 3. Nf3 Nc6 4.  c3 Qe7 5. d4 exd4 6. cxd4 Be3
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2BEe1C Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Da Cutri - Ruy Lopez (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. b4
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1d Philidor defense, Da Cutri - Ruy Lopez (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2Ee1Cd --> 2DEe1Cd --> 2ADEe1Cd Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Polerio - Lorenzo (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. O-O d6 6. d4 Bb6 7. Bg5 Nf6 8. a4
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2Ee1Cd --> 2DEe1Cd --> 3D2Ee1Cd Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Saduleto - Polerio  (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. O-O d6 6. d4 Bb6 7. Bg5 Nf6 8. d5
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2Ee1Cd --> 2DEe1Cd --> 2DEe1Cdf --> 2DEeg1Cdf --> 6g2DEe1Cdf --> 6f2DEeg1Cd Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Busnardo - NN (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. O-O d6 6. d4 Bb6 7. Bg5 f6 8. Bh4 g5 9. Nxg5 fxg5 10. Qh5 Kf8
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2DEe1C --> 6De3d2E1C0d --> 6Ce2DE --> 6CEe2D Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Castiglio - Polerio (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. d4 exd4 6. cxd4 Qxe4 7. Kd2
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2EFe --> 2EFe1d King's gambit, Ruy Lopez - Da Cutri (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. f4 d6
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee Italian game, Da Cutri - Perbin (1580), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Bc4
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Eef Latvian gambit: Mayet attack, NN - Greco (1590), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 f5 3. Bc4
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 6e2Ef Latvian gambit accepted, Polerio - Da Cutri (1590), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 f5 3. Nxe5
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2Ee1Cd --> 2DEe1Cd --> 2DEe1CHd Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Saduleto - Polerio (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. O-O d6 6. d4 Bb6 7. h3
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2Ee1C --> 2Ee1Cd --> 2DEe1Cd --> 2DEe1Cdf --> 2DEeg1Cdf --> 6g2DEe1Cdf --> 6f2DEeg1Cd Giuoco Piano: Closed Game, Busnardo - NN (1575), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. c3 Qe7 5. O-O d6 6. d4 Bb6 7. Bg5 f6 8. Bh4 g5 9. Nxg5 fxg5 10. Qh5 Kd7
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2EFe --> 6F3f2E0f King's gambit accepted: King's Knight gambit, Benavides - Saduleto (1590), 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Nf3
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee --> 2EFe --> 6F3f2E0f King's gambit accepted: Bishop's gambit, Polerio - Busnardo (1590), 1. e4 e5 2. f4 exf4 3. Bc4
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee Greco defense, Greco - NN (1590), 1.e4 e5 2. Nf3 Qf6
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee Italian game: Two Knights defense, Polerio -Domenico (1610), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6
  • I --> 2E --> 2Ee Italian game: Two Knights defense, Polerio -Domenico (1610), 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Nf6 
  • I --> 2E --> 2E1b Owen defense , Greco - NN (1619), 1. e4 b6
  • I --> 2E Bishop's opening : Boi variation: Lopez variation, Greco - NN (1620), 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 Bc5 3. Qe2

 

So, all openings from Core(G) considered above belong to the Open Game root I --> 2E --> 2Ee. We can distinguish Damiano defense branch (starting from) 2Ee1f , Giuoco Piano: Main Line 2Ee1C , King's gambit 2EFe and Latvian gambit 2Eef branches.