How do I play against a player that refuses to develop?
What game was this?

If they don't develop you just... develop. Once most of your pieces are out and ready to fight while theirs' are not, feel free to throw punches at their awful setup.
> How do I play against a player that refuses to develop?
Develop.
@Marcyful D'oh, you beat me to it.

But if you need a specific solution to your problem @emberrr123, you can post this recent game of yours here for analysis.

once you win a piece, try this:
stay solid & centralize your pieces again.
trade equal pieces off until they have none.
take some of their pawns off with your piece.
make new queens out of your extra pawns.
checkmate their king with your queens. 🙂
@hrarray @Marcyful https://chess.com/live/game/36564600163 The gist of it is my opponent really only played with 3 pieces the entire game until I resigned after blundering a rook @technical_knockout Thats really good advice, I always get greedy after winning a piece. Thank you!

first priority: minimize counterplay.
often in the process of winning material our pieces lose contact with each other. regrouping them to the strategically important center, or even bringing them all the way back to base allows you to harmonize their movements.
this puts you in a better position to ward off the opponent's desperation counterattack, which is probably en route if they don't want to get crushed by your superior forces.

If this is the best you can still play at 10-minute games, then by all means play longer time controls with increment, say 15'+10" or 25'+10", and USE YOUR TIME.
You DO have to think before playing a move, else you will never improve. In the above game, after 15.Nxd4 (which is quite obviously attacking your Queen), you replied 15...Bf6?? in less than 1,5 second. This is not good at all.

better to trade down when ahead than risk staying in a middlegame... the advantage with being ahead is that since your opponent can't afford to trade down you can basically push them off the board & seize all the good lines & squares.
You took his queen on move six!!! That's a pretty good start
But in all seriousness, you had no problem with the opening, or the fact that he "wouldn't develop." Your only problem, and it is one that holds every beginner back, is you just don't look at the board before moving! You have to see if any of your pieces are hanging. And you have to see if any of his pieces are hanging. You played 15...Bf6?? losing your queen in 2 seconds!!