I forgot -- there's another composer who ought to be mentioned here. Ennio Morricone never beat a world champion, but he did once hold Spassky to a draw. Sadly, I can't find the game posted anywhere online -- anyone have it?
Also, according to this post, Prokofiev beat not one world champion but two. In addition to his win over Capablanca, he evidently beat Lasker in a simul, and he had wins over Rubinstein and Tartakower too. Sadly, none of those games seem to survive.
Okay, whay composer once beat a (future) world champion?
Musical composer or chess problem composer? If it's chess problems, I'll guess George Koltanowsky.
Nope, the other kind.
I deleted my comment after noticing that you already posted the answer. lol I definitely wouldn't have gotten it right anyway. I've never even heard of Prokofiev.