Position after 9. ... d5 10 pxp nxp 11 nxn bxn looks kind of miserable. White has all sorts of nice options including the surprising 12. c4 (play it out). White has massively better pieces and development, the two bishops in the open, and may solve the cpawn weakness in some variations.
I know its said that black usually solves his problems in the sicicillian when he can achieve d5, but the position must always be considered.
Your pxp is dismissable because you are left with an already blockaded isolated pawn that hems in your bishop. You can't break the blockade. White has multiple ways to win -- exploit the lead in development, or trade pieces to a winning endgame where the isolated pawn may be enough of a weakness to win.
An isolated pawn like this, called an isolani, is only worth it if its central control gives you a dynamic position. Often where the knight outpost (here ne5) gives an attack. Here, black's development is probably too bad to achieve it on helpful terms
The opening explorer showed that black won more games playing 9...d6 over 9...d5. Why is this? My guess is that white is better developed and 9...d5 opens lines making black more vulnerable to attacks. If that's so, then would d5 have been better than d6 if I have developed my bishop and castled already? Also on move 10 after 10.exd the computer recommended that I recapture with either the knight or the bishop. My thinking is that capturing with the e pawn would be better because it leaves a pawn in the center and controlling the center with a pawn is good. What conditions would make the pawn recapture better?