Australian :
Thats not a Rook
This is a Rook!!
French (Thanks Google Translate!)
chess - échecs
check- vérifier
checkmate - échec et mat
king - roi
queen - reine
rook - freux
bishop - évêque
knight - chevalier
pawn - pion
Urgh...
check = échecs (vérifier = to check but with the meaning of to verify, to make sure that)
queen is translated by dame (lit. lady) ;
rook by tour (tower) ;
bishop by fou (fool) ;
knight by cavalier (rider, which does not have any nobility connotation as knight/chevalier has).
Bengali:
King -> Raja(King)
Queen -> Mantri( Minister)
Rook -> Nouka( Navy)
Bishop -> Gaja(Elephant)
Knight -> Ghora(Horse)
Pawn -> Bore(Foot-soldier)
Check -> Kisti
Checkmate -> Kisti mat.
Bengali seems the most correct according to ancient heritage ( only the rook is misnamed - it should be 'war chariot' ).
Finnish:
Chess=shakki
Check=shakki
Checkmate=shakkimatti
King=kuningas
Queen=daami, kuningatar
Rook=torni (literally tower)
Knight=ratsu (literally horse)
Bishop=lähetti
Pawn=sotilas (literally soldier)
Speeking of the Finnish word 'torni' for tower the theory on the relationship between the Finnish and Hungarian languages comes to my mind.
In Hungarian tower is 'torony'.
German:
Chess=Schach
Check=Schach
Checkmate=Schachmatt
King=König
Queen=Dame
Rook= Turm (literally tower)
Knight=Pferd (literally horse) or Springer (literally jumper)
Bishop=Läufer (literally runner)
Pawn=Bauer (literally farmer)
"Bauer" translated into English would be "farmer" or "peasant", not "soldier".
In Hungarian the unofficial (slang) name of the Pawn is 'paraszt' ( peasant ). The Knight has an unofficial name but it is the same as in English ( 'ló' - horse ). Also you can call the Queen 'királynő' ( queen ) in Hungarian too.
"Bauer" translated into English would be "farmer" or "peasant", not "soldier".
Thanks for correcting! :-)
There were no castlings, however, throughout the game, the King had the priviledge to execute a Knight's move, but only once.
Sanskrit Alekhine's defense:
Forgive me for this one...
In Arabic
Chess
شطرنج
Shataranj
KIng
ملك
Malik
Queen
وزير
Wazeer
Bishop
فيل
Feel
Knight
حصان
Hisaan
Rook
قلعة
Qalaah
Pawn
جندي
Jondi
Castling is ''Hrókering'' or ''Hrókun'' in Icelandic. The verb for castling is ''Hróka''
Pin is ''Leppun'' and fork is ''Gaffall''
In Chinese it's 国际象棋, literally translated as "international chess" (in order to distinguish it from Chinese chess).
I'll add the names of the pieces:
pawn = 兵 (bing), literally "soldier"
rook = 车 (ju), literally "chariot"
knight = 马 (ma), literally "horse"
bishop = 相 (xiang)
queen = 后 (hou), short for 皇后, which means "queen"
king = 王 (wang)
Hindi: हिन्दी
Chess: Shatranj/Chaturang - शतरंज / चतुरंग
Pawn: Pyada/Sainik (Lit: Pawn/Soldier) प्यादा / सैनिक
Rook: Hathi/Navy (Lit: Elephant) हाथी / किश्ती
Knight: Ghoda (Lit: Horse - Chariot) घोड़ा
Bishop: Oont (Lit: Camel) ऊँट
Queen: Vazir/Mantri/Rani (Lit: Prime Minister or Advisor/Queen) वज़ीर / रानी
King: Raja/Badshah (Lit: King) राजा / बादशाह
Check: Shah (pronounced: Shuh, Lit: Check) शह
Checkmate: Shah aur maat (Check and beaten) शह और मात
In ancient times, Sanskrit word Ashtapad was used, without any alternating colors.
Pawn was Sainik / सैनिक (Foot soldier). Moves restricted to only one square forward, including the first one. No en passant (अंपैसां ).
Rook was Chariot with two or more horses.
Knight was Horse (single) riding warrior.
Bishop was Elephant chariot with 9 lancers and a mahout riding atop.
Queen/Mantri/Minister would be the advisor to king, directing the strategies.
King would be the last warrior to enter battlefield. There were no castlings, however, throughout the game, the King had the priviledge to execute a Knight's move, but only once.
Stalemate would mean defeat to the surrounded king.
FIDE: फिडे
Fédération internationale des échecs: फेडरेशन इन्टरनेशनल दि एचेस
I am pretty sure this is not true.
Italian:
Pawn - Pedone ( 'someone who walks' )
Knight - Cavallo ( 'horse' )
Bishop - Alfiere ( 'a soldier who holds the flag' )
Rook - Torre ( 'tower' )
Queen - Donna ( 'lady' )
King - Re ( 'king' )