Children vs adults, who improves faster at things like chess?

I was wondering why children seem to improve so fast at stuff when compared to adults, and I am going to use chess as the topic of this discussion. If I got any information wrong please correct me. I don't know of any adult players who improved drastically in short periods of time. If you do please post. For the sake of argument we will be comparing a child that can devote all their time to improving chess, and an adult who has quit their job to get better at chess. It would not be a fair comparison if it was a child who can spend all day studying chess vs an adult who has a 9-5 at a factory.

Facts:

-Judit Polgar went to her first tournament when she was 6, and peaked with a rating of 2735 and the #8 spot in the world. She became a gm at 15 years and 4 months, breaking Bobby Fischer's record

-Bobby Fischer learned how to play at 6, and reached his gm at 15 years. He peaked at 2785 in 1991, a full 120 points ahead of Spassky. 

-Magnus Carlsen started playing at 5, and peaked at 2882 (current record) and is still the reigning world champ. He became a gm at 13.

All of these are extreme examples, but I could not find any cases of adults taking an interest in chess and becoming extremely successful. All of them spent countless hours playing chess, but surely there are adults who put in just as much work and do not get the same results. 

Stepjan Tomic (Hanging pawns is his youtube) has been playing chess for three years and his fide is 1910, although he is under rated. He wants to become a gm, and chess is his livelihood. His (L) website rating is 2110 (hpy is his username, ). When Magnus played chess for 3 years (8) he was playing at his father (2000)'s level. However, there are far more resources for Tomic to use and improve today, compared to when Magnus was 8. So Magnus playing at a 2000 level was more impressive. Although Tomic's fide rating is only 1910, that's because he has not gotten the chance to play in rated tournaments due to covid.

Children Advantages:

-Children's brains are still developing, so they are able to learn information better.

-Children have more time to devote to stuff than adults. Example: Adults need to focus on getting money for the essentials, and children just need to focus on improving.

-Children do not have as much stress if they do poorly, so they can improve freely. Example: Oh shoot I missed the 2200 mark, and now I am a month behind my schedule and am not going to get as much money for the electric bill. Compared to I missed 2200; I'll reach it in a month.

-Children's parents buy them stuff, so they don't have to worry about things. Example: Hey if I buy this chess book, will I have enough money for dinner?

-Children receive support from their parents, compared to adults doing it alone. Example: Good job on getting 2200, way to go! Compared to (Sigh) I just hit 2200, back to the grind.

I can't think of any more, If you can please post.

Adult Advantages:

-Their brains are fully developed, and they have a fixed improvement rate.

I can't come up with any more, if you can please post.

Children Disadvantages:

-School takes up a set amount of time. Can be remedied if they are skilled enough to safely drop out.

I can't come up with any more, if you can please post.

Adult Disadvantages:

-May be looked down upon by society for quitting their job and taking up something obscure like chess.

-Have to improve while juggling relationships with family and friends.

I can't come up with any more, if you can please post.

If I got any information wrong please correct me. If you have any additional info, or just want to comment feel free to post. 

It's just like language. A baby can learn a language in 3 years of immersion. But yes it is interesting how much better children are than adults at learning 

You seem to have left out teenagers in your post. Is a 17 year old person a child? Teenagers are where the fastest learning occurs. 

Actual children don't learn chess or anything else that fast at all really - teenagers and young adults do. Fischer didn't start playing properly until he was about 12 or 13 or so as did many other wildly successful players. Fischer only knew the rules at 6, but he didn't play or follow games, he's known as a person who started relatively late. Chigorin didn't start playing chess properly until he was 25 (again he knew he rules earlier, but hardly played). People usually just learn it like they do ludo or scrabble at a very young age.  

Children really don't learn fast compared to teens or young adults. Children suck at learning things. Have you been around children since being a child? They are incredibly slow at learning. They learn basic language in a few years it's true but they spend all their time at it.  

After 30 or 40 you I think you can still learn a lot of chess things pretty fast, but then it's your tactics and calculation and memory start to falter a bit. You still learning, but you're getting offset by other things going downhill. And when you reach 60+ then I'm afraid ability to learn new things starts falling off a cliff unfortunately, very hard for someone to learn something like chess from scratch at that point.  

So to be the best it's a race from the time you're a child to the time you hit 35 or so. Starting as early as possible as a child is incrementally better but you could start at 11-13 and achieve about the same results. 

It's similar with math or music, stuff like that. Lots of parents have ideas of getting in there at five years old and that by 13 they'll be on their way to being geniuses. Actually no - they may have early successes early on due to their age but most such projects end in disaster, Josh Waitzkin for example. You can't just take anyone and train them to be a great player. Child prodigies who lived totally average lives are dime a dozen because what happens from 0-12 is not that important. It's 13 to 25 is where you are learning at your fastest.  

Children, because psychology. As you grow older you lose fluid intelligence, or the ability to learn new skills quickly. It’s like a car that’s been built; you can swap or polish parts but there’s a limit to what the car can do.

After like 25 or so, if I remember correctly.

So “git gud” while you still can 

It is supposed to start happening once your brain finishes developing.

Ummm sorry to disagree with the other post, but yeah I think children rule. Take  1 to 10 well outside the teenage years. In that time they will most likely learn a language, master the basics of mathematics, develop a full set of motor skills, develop abstract thinking, learn to read etc. By comparison ages 10 to 20 while productive don’t really compare.

What I would say is the teenage years are where base skills are sharpened and true extraordinary ability emerges. You see it in sports all the time, 2 equally good 10 year baseball players, look at them at 18 and 1 is a professional prospect, the other is just a good 18 year old baseball player.

Yes, I meant teens, not young children.