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The biggest use of annotation symbols had to have come with the publication starting in the 1960's of the semi-annual Chess Informant, which has published the annotated games of leading players for many years. The publication was designed to be readable by anyone regardless of their language.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Informant
A survey of the history of chess annotations many be found in Edward Winters pages on chesshistory.com.
https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/annotations.html
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