e5 is part of the center, like d4, d5, and e4. Some benefits to controlling the center of the chess board with your pawns: (1) It gives your bishops and knights more room to maneuver--and good players can often convert better space and mobility into a material advantage (2) If your opponent tries to develop his pieces, you can often gain time demobilizing them by advancing your pawns.
e5 and positional advantages
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It is important to control e5 because that is the center, and you always want your pawns to control the center. On top of that, if you have e5 on lock and your opponent move their pawn to that square, you can take their pawn off the board and have control. You also prevent big pieces, like the bishop, establishing themselves in the center. d4 and d5, I think is a stronger move because it controls the center (like e5) and it is already protected by the queen
Why is having control of e5 important? I know you can access more squares from that square, but is it really all that important? What are some important positional advantages, and how/where can I learn them?