1) it all depends. in the queens indian defense you castle short but fianchetto the bishop on the queenside. but in many others like kings indian defense and attack and catalan castling kingside is ideal.
2) no generally you want to immediately place your bishop on the square you free for it. then commence developing. just a very small precaution for the weak squares caused by the pawn move.
b) yes that is true in openings like the english and the closed sicilian. they usually move their e pawn up for example if they fianchetto kingside and tuck the knight to e2 for a more solid position. and yes it doesn't block the fianchettoed bishop.
1) IN general, should one fianchetto their bishop on the same or opposite side they castle on?
2) a. When one does the fianchetto, again in general, should they pull their knight out first? or pawn to 3?
b. If knight out, is that why I see alot of top players then pull their knight to 2, in front of their King or Queen? to get it out of the way of the fianchettoed bishop?