God questions, that a lot of people has tried to answed during the years.
The thinking normally goes around a lot of questions (in abitrary order and not all are asked everytime):
- Do I know this position already? Or a position quite similar? What will my enemy play if it was his/her turn?
- Are there checks, captures, threats, unprotected pieces etc.?
- What are the weaknesses? What are my most badly placed piece? What is my enemy's plan.
- What is the most funny/surprising move? Can I sack someting? Is there a usefull waiting move?
And then: If I play this, what do my enemy play?
In general the strongest players do not analyse deeper that us amateurs, but they analyse the right moves and they take the enemy's best moves into consideration (where we amateurs often are to wishfull).
How do you find the best moves that you can do and what your opponent can do to in a chess game? How do the grandmasters do it?