Most of the people I've played against were really nice to me, actually. I feel bad for everyone who's had rude opponents who purposefully try to distract you. :/
The worst opponent I ever played against was this guy who found my pace of play annoying. While he moved instantly after I moved, I'd think about my next move and make sure I wasn't making a blunder. While I'd think, he'd sign, groan, glare at me, tap as fingers against the table loudly, look around with an exasperated expression, ask me if I'd moved yet... etc. I wasn't moved though lol, I continued to take my time. And I won that game too, so, win win! 
( Oh, and keep in mind it wasn't an obnoxious amount of time I was studying the board, just like 10 seconds or so)
In response to the OP, I have a few comments and various scenarios that have occurred:
1) First of all, there are no "Refs" in chess. They are Tournament Directors, or TD's, for short.
2) In your scenario 1, the first draw offer there is nothing wrong with. I refuse to look at ratings and base it on that. I have offered a draw before to a 2300 as a 2100 player and to a 1900 as a 2100 player. If he is repeatedly offering you a draw, you should speak to the TD. If it feels like the TD is doing nothing, you HECKLE the TD. Not by calling him names or anything like that. Next draw offer, complain again! Complain again! And again! And again!. Also, don't verbally comment to your opponent that it's not a draw. Just make the move as your way of declining. No need to rush to make it. You offer me a draw, I might still take 24 minutes, and make my move and hit the clock!.
3) Again, in your second scenario, speak to the TD. Complain enough times and he'll have to do something about it.
4) In your third incident, again, TD!
5) In your fourth incident, he could have a health problem. Was he older? Some old people have to breathe hard. Same with asthmatics.
6) Not sure what you find wrong with your 5th opponent. If he wants to play for cheap shot tricks, like 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Nc6 3.Qh5, let him! Just don't fall for them and his position will be worse!
As for instances I've head to deal with, how about these:
1) In South Carolina in 1998, a director who was 1300ish in rating clearly didn't know the rules (his name was Pete Danker). I was White with very little time left. When this happened, the White King was on f2, and there were Black Rooks on g4 and g8. Don't recall the exact squares of everything else. The following moves were played with Black to move: 1...Rd4 2.Ke3 Rdg4 3.Kf2 Rh8 4.Kg2 Rhg8 and then I declare 5.Kf2 for 3-fold repetition. 10 minutes were spent and a player that happened to be TD certified had to chime in and explain to the clown that 3-fold repetition, even after showing him in the USCF rulebook, is repetition of position with the same player to move, said player having the same legal options, and NOT repetition of moves. It doesn't not require back and forth movement of the same pieces consecutively. After 15 minutes or so, the clown finally got the clue and ruled it a draw!
2. In 2003 in Orlando, Cajun Chess ran a tournament. The clowns that directed that tournament in Orlando in October 2003 were nowhere to be found. They were well away from the tournament hall either drinking or cracking jokes or something else. Well, I was facing a well known cheater named Antonio Angel in the first round and he was moving his piece with one hand and hitting the clock with the other while the piece was still airborne, trying to run me out of time. I had 26 seconds left in a complicated but winning position. I try to stop the clock to get a TD and he would re-start it, saying I have to get the TD with the clock running. I actually had to send an observer to get the TD while I stopped the cheater from continuing my clock. You ask why I say "cheater"? In 2005 at the World Open, round 3, he is at the board next to mine. I am busy playing Black and winning a French MacCutcheon game, and the guy next to me had to use the restroom. Antonio proceeds to play h2-h4 and hits the clock (it was his turn), and a minute later, he retracts the pawn, moving it back to h2, and proceeds to re-start his own clock. I reported it to the TD, and Antonio was stupid enough to not even realize the Chronos had a counter, and I proved it with his crossed out h4 on his scoresheet and the counter on the clock was wrong! Normally I don't interfere with other games, but that was in my section, and I will report all cheating in my section as it could impact further pairings.
3) In 2013 at the Chicago Open, Round 6, I am playing Ben Finegold's son, Spencer. If you ever dealt with this guy, he's a complete and total clown! It was no different here. I have a pawn on f7 (I'm White) and he has a Rook. The position is drawn, but he was pissed because earlier he was a pawn up in a Rook and Pawn endgame, and I weaseled out of it. I offer him a draw. He doesn't proceed to accept, and just flat out leaves. After 10 minutes, I report to the TD about desertion, requesting to start the 15-minute clock. The TD actually proceeds to try to find him in the skittles room and brings him back to accept the draw or play on. Personally, I think that should be the player's responsibility alone to come back. I should have gotten a forfeit win via desertion. With the tone of the TD and what he did, clearly this clown has done similar things before, and has been a problem child more than once. He also came to Charlotte once to play in a local tournament and a couple of us, myself one of them, asked a simple question about who won when they were analyzing, and rather than saying it was a draw, he gives a snide tone remark of "neither", and so one said "so it was a draw?", and he said something that was completely obnoxious that I don't recall.
So it doesn't matter what tournaments you go to. Over time, you are going to get TDs that are clueless, players that cheat, and arseholes! There's no avoiding it!