The move isn't completed until the clock is pressed. For FIDE, after completion, the pawn on the square is considered an illegal move and has to be promoted to a queen. I don't have the USCF rulebook near me so I can't verify how it is handled there. I think the player can be penalized for the illegal move and the must promote while the clock is running but I'm not sure.
However, the move has been determined and the pawn move would stand regardless if the clock was pressed.
I was playing one of my students the other day and he went to promote his pawn, negligent of my queen waiting in ambush on the back row. He moved forward and took his hand off the pawn, but then he saw my queen and wanted to take it back. I said that he couldn't becaue he took his fingers off. He argued that he could because "his move wasn't over" since he hadn't technically promoted yet by replacing the piece. I ended up letting it go because I'm am an adult and wasn't going to whine, but I just wanted clarification for future reference. What would the actual rule be for this instance?