Here is the most prominent example of how risky 1. f4 is.
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Many chessplayers consider the move f4 in a twofold respect - as a rational move which proceeds accurately after castling kingside, and a dangerous move which opens the e1-h4 diagonal that leads to the king.
And Indeed, the move f4 can either be a rational move, or a very risky one. When f4 is played before the castling, the open e1-h4 diagonal creates a huge weakness in White's position. When you learn how to exploit this weakness, you are already on the winning side.
Today I played a wonderful game. The game started with the Sicilian Najdorf. After a few moves, my opponent suddenly made a careless mistake - he played the move (f4) before castling, and was checkmated immediately thereafter.
This game demonstrates the devastating attack against the opponent monarch after the move f4 is played:
To exploit the aforesaid weakness (i.e. an open e1-h4 diagonal) you will need the following things:
1. a queen on d1 and a bishop on e2 (NOTE: If you start the attack with the natural move Bh4+ your opponent will block the e1-h4 diagonal with the move g3, and at the same time attack your bishop. For this reason, it's important to have both your queen and bishop on the d1-h4 diagonal, as shewn in the above game. You can let your opponent take your bishop (gxh4) and then play the desicive Qxh4+!!)
2. A knight on f6 that will jump to g4 and clear the way for the bishop and queen. When you play the Sicilian Defense (like I did in my game) more often than not your knight will attack the opponent's dark square bishop on e3. The attack on the dark-square bishop along with the threat to play Bh4+ will be enough to ensure victory.