The Polgar approach to chess mastery

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chessoholicalien

Just wondering about the method of approaching chess mastery set forth by the Polgar sisters (especially Susan). If you look at the three highest-profile books authored by either Susan or her father, you notice that they are almost entirely about tactics:

A World Champion's Guide to Chess:

Chess Tactics for Champions:

Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations and Games

The first of these, which you might expect to contain chapters on the opening, the middlegame, and basic strategy, is almost entirely an (excellent) book of tactical puzzles. There is admittedly a brief introduction to the rules and how the pieces move, and a section on basic endgames, but the book only contains a small section of general advice on the middlegame, strategy and chess "etiquette". And nothing on the opening. The meat and potatoes of the book is definitely about tactics.

The other two books are even more about tactical puzzles. "Chess: 5334 Problems" is co-authored by the Polgar sisters' father and I believe is also meant to offer the same approach to learning that the father used with his daughters.

In other words, are we meant to understand (and I believe we are) that chess mastery (as personified in the Polgar sisters) can be achieved almost entirely by solving tactical puzzles? Because that's largely what these books seem to indicate. Can one really become a Master or even a GM by following this Polgar approach?

All beginning players are told to study tactics, tactics, tactics (and endgames) in order to progress as rapidly as possible. But can one become a Master or a GM (as Susan and Judit did) mainly off the back of sound tactical and endgame play? Surely for someone to reach Master level they also need a deep understanding of openings and middlegame strategy, amongst other things. Otherwise they will be hopelessly outplayed. And we know that tactical opportunities best present themselves when the player has played a positionally/strategically good game. So surely a deep understanding of positional play also needs to underpin the tactical acumen if one is to develop far in chess.

The books seem to suggest that the sisters spent much of their study time solving tactical puzzles generated by their father. So the question is where did their GM-level knowledge of positional play and openings come from? Where they just naturally gifted in those aspects? Are the Polgar books then to some extent misleading their readers?

Will be interesting to hear what others think of the Polgar approach :-)

Torkil

Quite often you can hear or read that tactics are the means to implement strategical plans and in this have to be subjected to the great big overall strategy.

While this is certainly true, it is hard to evaluate strategic positions - especially those typical for the modern dynamic apptoach to chess - without calculating many forcing lines. Also, for fulfilling your positional plans you will often need excellent calculation skills.

So yes, as the correct calculation of variations is the single most important tool of a strong chess player (even a positionally biased one!), I think you can go a long way by improving this skill by solving puzzles and playing lots of games.

VLaurenT

If I remember correctly, another advice in the 5334+ book is to play a game every day, even at short time-controls (not blitz), even against the computer if no human opponent is available.

Beelzebub666

Whether your focus is mainly on tactics or any other part of the game is not what makes you a master, what makes you a master is putting in tens of thousands of hours and starting at a young age, i.e childhood.

If your dream is to become a grandmaster, you are destined for disappointment.  With years of patient improvement you can become a good player, but odds are you'll never reach a titled level. 

 

If you're looking for the real 'secret' of the Polgar sisters, it is that their father  pushed them from early childhood to master chess. 

Beelzebub666
HotFlow wrote:

I wonder how many kids were pushed from a young age and failed.  I'm sure that isn't the only ingredient necessary.


If the kid is mentally retarded, or rebels against the parents, sure.  There must be some degree of cognitive ability.  But the fact is that if you seriously work at something from a young age your potential is vastly greater than if you work at something beginning at an older age.  The Polgar's father pushed them as part of an experiment to prove as he put it that 'a genius is made, not born.'  I'd say his results support his thesis.

The limiting factor on the Polgar sisters is their innate ability.  That's why each peaked where they did.

Beelzebub666
chuck--norris wrote:

i have met many players on this site who have just recently started learning chess about a year ago or so and are already almost masters, when i ask them what is their secret they claim to have lots of time and use it memorizing lines and doing puzzles that are increasingly harder. so this shows that it is not necessary to start at a young age. however starting at a young age increases your chance of having extra free time, and it increases your chance of learning to love it from the start and not have a heart full of doubt. so at an older age you can still master it if you apply the same passion and don't doubt. The polgar sisters were actually an experiment by their father. His experiment was to prove that genius was not a matter of being 'born with it' but a matter of developing it by applying a passion. THE TRUE POLGAR KEY TO MASTERY IS PASSION AND DEDICATION AND WORK!!


 I've never met or heard of anyone achieving near mastery in a year.  Unfortunately, on an online chess site, there are many who can master cheating. 

If the Polgars were starting out at their ages today, and could somehow financially support the time and GM tutoring they received growing up, their peak potential would be lower and the time it would take to get there much greater.  The sad truth is kids are better at learning that us grown-ups are, it's just the way our brains work. 

chessoholicalien

If I recall correctly, Sofia "only" made it to IM and WGM, she did not became a "men's" GM as her two sisters did.

By the way, thanks guys for your input. The general consensus seems to be that the sisters did so well because they began chess so very early and were put through a rigorous training scheme by their father. But it's apparently the case - as the books seem to direct the reader - that becoming a master of tactics alone won't get you to chess Master level. What the books do not really explain is how the sisters trained in the other aspects of chess to Master level...

AWARDCHESS

You have to work every day on playing and/or sharp tactics  vision!

The old GM lost it fast! Even, if they are still good at the Ends, they blundered before and instead the right final study... They got dumped after tactical fight!

 I have 2 of 3 mentioned books, and there are excellent Chess drills!

Maybe, other their books just on the ways to Chess fans and readers?

Beelzebub666
HotFlow wrote:

Bare in mind Einstein failed his first university admission test, because of his weakness in mathematics, meaning to say starting later isn't exactly the proverbial nail in the coffin in any persuit.   Sure the Pilgar sisters are a success story, but how many people have pursued a goal all their life and never achieved.  There must be other extenuating factors to contribute to a sucess story, as mentioned innate ability for instance. 


Actually Einstein never failed mathematics, he excelled in it from a young age.  It's just a very popular urban legend that people are inclined to accept and disinclined to research for themselves.

He failed pretty much everything on the entrance exam except math and science.

AWARDCHESS

Mendeleev got a Grade 'C' at Chemistry!

And he was been well known, as a luggage master, who did a great suitcases, among the neighborhoods, later...

 

 Darwin fall on Biology tests!..

And it takes him to travel all over the world on the ship "Beagle", to finish discovery that was started a few years before by other travelers /russians/, who did an identical round-trip way...

Darwin was been a religious man, who lost his religion, actually... It was been a price for what he done well!

 

They were just so great to overcome own obstacles, anyway!

likesforests

I played a USCF 1260 this weekend who obtained a great position--but then he put his queen and king on the same diagonal. Tactics, that's where it's at!

AWARDCHESS

Pin you!

Beelzebub666
AWARDCHESS wrote:

Mendeleev got a Grade 'C' at Chemistry!

And he was been well known, as a luggage master, who did a great suitcases, among the neighborhoods, later...

 

 Darvin fall on Biology tests!..

And it takes him to travel all over the world on the ship "Biggle", to finish discovery that was started a few years before by other travelers /russians/, who did an identical round-trip way...

Darvin was been a religious man, who lost his religion, actually... It was been a price for what he done well!

 

They were just so great to overcome own obstacles, anyway!


 Just like the Einstein Math lie, these things pop up around famous people have excelled in any field.  It's odd, but there seems to be a natural inclination to automatically believe it.  Wishful thinking I guess.

And it's "Darwin" and "The Beagle".

Beelzebub666
HotFlow wrote:

You have evidence of Einstein excelling at maths from a young age?  I was under the impression he dropped out of school at 15.  He may have displayed a romancing interest with maths, but in no way was he being "drilled" to excellence as per the Polgars from a young age. 

However the point I was trying to make was that you have proceeded to surmise that excellence is unequivickly relative to starting age.  I feel that is unwise, to rule out any natural ability.  Which is tangamount to the ignorance of individuality.


http://www.time.com/time/2007/einstein/3.html

 You could quite easily have found it for yourself using google.  He never failed maths, he never dropped out of school.  The question is why this natural inclination of many people to want to believe people who excel at a subject are actually just like them.  Incidentally why does everyone overlook that Einstein was a physicist rather than a mathematician?

And I haven't surmised that at all, I said when it comes to chess starting young means the peak potential you can reach will be higher.  I specifically noted that natural ability is a factor in how high that peak potential is.  Also arguments covering chess do not extend to all topics.  Einstein for example, was never a world class mathematician.  He didn't solve some difficult math problem, any undergrad can follow the mathematics.  His genius was in coming up with the actual ideas, and that's not something there's much reason for starting age to affect.

spoiler1

LET'S GET THIS STRAIGHT!

Solving tactical puzzles have one serious drawback=you KNOW that something is there in the position.

In your own games, you don't know if there is a tactical idea, to know that, you need to understand TACTICAL THEMES!

If you can understand tactical themes, you can identify tactics 1.2.3, if they appear.

So it's NOT tactics, it's tactical themes that a player must be alert to "milk".

As an afterthougth, tactical and positional chess are brothers and sisters, one can't be good without the other's complete (or almost ) understanding....

The Polgar sisters had an advantage: TIME

Most GMs' have that advantage, they use that to play high level games and devote/work for chess studies.

Oracle11

They did much more than tactics puzzles.

Is it possible to become a master by solving tactics only? No.

Beelzebub666
HotFlow wrote:

 Beelzebub666:

>The question is why this natural inclination of many people to want to believe people who excel at a subject are actually just like them. <

No one has stipulated this.  Perhaps it is your natural inclination to assume this.

Two seperate people have come along so far with variations on the 'this genius failed his highschool test' theme.  It is a common area of gullibility that people like yourself demonstrate a willingness to believe.  I'm happy to revise my postulate as to why if you have a better one, you can after all give us a first hand account of falling for it.

 

HotFlow wrote:

 Beelzebub666:

>I specifically noted that natural ability is a factor in how high that peak potential is.<

Your origonal statement made no reference to natarul ability:

"If you're looking for the real 'secret' of the Polgar sisters, it is that their father  pushed them from early childhood to master chess. "

How ironic, that in trying to dismiss my origional argument.  Which stipulated that there other extenuating factors other then starting young, natural ability being only one of them, you have thus walked the path of enlightenment and have now swung my way. 

Evidently you are concerned with misrepresenting my position rather than understanding my position.  The real secret of the Polgar is indeed that they were pushed from an early age by a father who takes the same position I do.  This was my second post to you which are ignoring:

"If the kid is mentally retarded, or rebels against the parents, sure.  There must be some degree of cognitive ability.  But the fact is that if you seriously work at something from a young age your potential is vastly greater than if you work at something beginning at an older age.  The Polgar's father pushed them as part of an experiment to prove as he put it that 'a genius is made, not born.'  I'd say his results support his thesis.

The limiting factor on the Polgar sisters is their innate ability.  That's why each peaked where they did."

Then you brought in the irrelevant and incorrect aside about Einstein and a different pursuit and accused me of dismissing natural ability as a factor in all things.  Your failure to comprehend my clearly explained position does not mean I have changed my mind. 

gabrielconroy

Shakespeare had no legs!

 

Feynmann didn't know anything about physics!

 

Goethe was just making stuff up, and got lucky!

 

Beethoven went deaf!

 

Oh wait, that last one is true. I guess it is possible to overcome monumental difficulties and still produce work of genius in your old age after all...

Beelzebub666

Fortunately Beethoven went deaf after having learnt quite a lot about music and composition, starting in early childhood.

 

It is true about Shakespeare having had no legs though - As Bill Bryson reliably informs us, we have no evidence of him ever having bought trousers.

Beelzebub666
HotFlow wrote:

Mr Beelzebub666

Again, in simplistic terms, you can not later acknowledge the existence of natural inherent aptitude and then further state 'a genius is made, not born". Both are profoundly contradicting.

Furthermore I would not call the so called Pulgar "experiment" compelling.  How many unheard-of failures are there standing next to Pulgar sisters? Clearly me and you could never know. In that respect I find it rather naive of you to allow yourself to draw any conclusion as per say. 

Perhaps if the so called experiment was repeated on a 100 kids from a 100 different gene pools.  Perhaps the conclusion that "genius" is made, can hold weight.  Until such time, your arguments somewhat redundant.


 Perhaps you should try looking at it in nuanced terms then, like the rest of us.  I'm not sure if your insistence on mutually exclusive black and white is due to your inability to reason in more depth, or just an unwillingness to concede a point in an internet argument.

To state that intensive training from a young age is highly likely to produce a strong talent does not mean the peak performance is independant of natural talent.  Just look at the Polgar sisters, one only made it to IM, of the two GMs one is significantly better than the other.  Yet the Polgar experiment must inevitably be viewed as a success, because the desired results have been achieved, all three are masters.  You have again tried to write my argument for me in changing 'if you seriously work at something from a young age your potential is vastly greater' to apparently 'anyone at all can be made a master regardless of cognitive ability'.  It's called the strawman fallacy, look it up.  I suspect what is most probable, that the Polgar sisters are in the normal range of cognitive ability, and most people in the normal range can be turned into masters at chess with the intensive training they received from a young age.

Try answering this - if the Polgar's hadn't received intensive training from a young age, would they now be three masters?  Try putting it in terms of overwhelming probability rather than absolute certainty.