of course a significant portion of the 10^43 positions are trivial. the seven piece tablebases were released about five years ahead of several predictions because they excluded certain trivial positions, such as five queens of the same color. Such a reduction of the problem also made it possible for these tablebases to fit into a mere 140 TB of storage. You could put them on your hard drive.
You have quite the hard drive... And even if 99.99% are trivial (I doubt it is nearly that high), you still have 10^39 posions left :)
No, my hard drive is only 1 TB. I have to store the six piece TBs on an external. But, maybe our friend who believes that math will solve everything has such a hard drive.
There are quantum criptography protocols that don't rely in "mathematical hardness" but his security is guranteed by Physics laws. In fact Anton Zeilinger, encourage Austrian national bank to implement them. This dates back to 2004
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6986/full/428883b.html