USCF Rules Regarding Promotion to a Piece of the Opposite Color

Under US Chess regulations a king and knight is only insufficient on timeout if that side "does not have a forced win."

#42
All important competitions are FIDE rated and hence follow the FIDE Laws of Chess.
Even the non FIDE rated competitions are recommended to follow FIDE Laws of Chess.
In the non FIDE rated competitions that do not follow FIDE Laws of Chess, probably no money prizes are involved, so there would be no reason to dispute the outcome of a game and thus of the tournament before a court of law.

The vast majority of rated events in the US are not FIDE rated and many/most have prizes involved. 

#44
Have there been no lawsuits then?
"My game was ruled a draw and it should have been a win. If I had won I would have earned a prize of $XXXX. Thus I claim damage for the amount of $XXXX."

The tournament I was at had prize money and was not FIDE rated.

I can't say no, but I've never heard of one and haven't had any issues in events I've run 

Plus, most tourneys don't have the kinds of prizes that makes a lawsuit a very useful process. The regulations being used won't insulate organizers from lawsuits, so I don't know why you think that matters.

#47
A lawyer could point to the internationally agreed FIDE Laws of Chess and thus argue that an awarded draw under USCF was wrong as it should have been a win under the FIDE Laws of Chess.

But the players agreed to play under USCF regulations not FIDE.

It doesn't matter. If they were playing under FIDE regulations, a lawsuit could still happen. There's nothing different about FIDE regulations that would prevent it. 

Do I understand correctly that both positions under #39 would be ruled as white wins under USCF just like under the FIDE Laws of Chess? If the ruling is the same, then there is no cause for a lawsuit. If the ruling differs, then a lawyer could argue that FIDE Laws of Chess should have been applied as they are recommended and that the interpretation per USCF is wrong. If only insignificant tournament with low prizes do not apply the FIDE Laws of Chess, then there is indeed no incentive for a lawsuit.

Regardless, when you go to an event, the regulations being used will depend on how it's rated. If it's a US Chess rated event and the tournament information doesn't say it uses FIDE regulations, or is FIDE rated, then it uses US Chess regulations and there is no standing to claim FIDE regulations.

But, as said, the US Chess rules state if there is a forced win in the position, then that material is not insufficient. I've never had such a position come up needing a ruling, but if I did, I might have the side with time prove they know the forced win, but would have to make that call at the time, unless I found guidelines that allowed the TD to make the determination of being forced, prior to encountering it  

The main benefit of the FIDE implementation is that the TD/arbiter doesn't have to calculate anything, just see mate is possible. However, it ends up in some absurd possible positions, in my opinion and apparently the US Chess thoughts.

Kilograms

Nonamerican moment

“Hello sir, what’s the cost, per pound of apple?”

”Oranges are 5 dollars a kilogram. Oranges>apples.”

I would absolutely do that. - Move that new black queen, I mean. The most ideal situation would be Albin counter gambit. You could call it a gift horse. I remember a story about an otb game... it was Steinitz or Lasker, or one of those legends. Anticipating a piece trade, the master was thinking too far ahead, and next proceeded to capture his own minor piece. Strangely, his opponent protested against the illegal move! Lol.