Not since I've been alive. Chess rules are pretty ossified until you get into chess variants. I'm pretty sure the Russians would not have allowed that rule. I'm not kidding about this. Russians are Orthodoxed.
Was vertical castling ever actually allowed under FIDE rules?
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Lots of chess forums and YouTube videos seem to be obsessed over this 1972 puzzle, which utilizes O-O-O-O-O-O#, claiming it to be legal at the time. r/AnarchyChess has been obsessing over it lately. The article, and many others, claim that the rules only state that “The king is transferred from its original square, two squares toward the rook; then that rook toward which the king has moved is transferred over the king to the square immediately adjacent to the king.”
This is seemingly just false. These rules also don't state that the king can't move through check or that neither piece moves. The rules most recent to that which I can find state, "Castling is a move of the King and a Rook, reckoned as a single move (of the King), which must be carried out in the following manner:--The King is transferred from its original square to either one of the nearest squares of the same colour in the same rank..."
Unless I'm missing a version of the rules, as far as I can tell O-O-O-O-O-O was never legal. None of the other historical handbooks I could find neglected to comment that the pieces must be in the same rank either, though the source I used for many of them seemed to be missing 1966, which I could not find anywhere.
Is this entire concept made up by a single article from 2009? Or am I missing something? I can't find any information on vertical castling that says it was ever legal that doesn't loop back to this same article.