Which is better for improving chess for people rated 1000, 10min or 30 min?

Check out the section 'Play Longer Time Controls' toward the end of the article....
Improving Your Chess - Resources for Beginners and Beyond...
https://www.chess.com/blog/RussBell/improving-your-chess-resources-for-beginners-and-beyond
https://www.chess.com/blog/RussBell

If you want to instill an opening into your mind then actually 1 minute bullet is a fantastic way to do that!

If you want to instill an opening into your mind then actually 1 minute bullet is a fantastic way to do that!
It is a balance and it depends on the player skill level and what they are trying to get out of playing chess games.
Time controls have pros and cons to them.
Bullet/Blitz do great in the respect that you get to see many positions in less amount of time and this is also good practice for keeping up with your already established pattern recognition. However, playing speed chess also means less free time to think about your moves and this means less quality games.
Longer time controls are usually much better for the learning player because they do not yet possess enough patterns in their pattern recognition and the low time simply means they'll feel rushed and possibly condition themselves into moving too quickly and not calculating their moves deeply - this can have a detrimental impact on their long-term chess improvement.
Some people denounce speed chess dogmatically, but I actually believe it has some uses when utilized correctly. It is just that playing longer time controls is almost always better for long-term chess improvement and exponentially so at the lower chess ratings.
Grandmasters (etc.) can play speed chess proficiently because they already have so many patterns in their subconscious, but most of us need a lot of time to consider newer positions and simply put, these highest rated players already have an idea of what to do in almost all positions
I was playing a 30 minute game against a random opponent and with 17:42 left I was 12 points ahead. It was my turn to move and a screen popped up saying I lost because of time??!! I am new so I guess I dont understand this but how could this be? There is no way I could have lost that match.
your opponent was the one with 17 minutes left, your clock ran out of time