The isolated pawn is a pawn which has no friendly pawns in the neighboring files. So example if white has a d4 pawn and has no pawns neither on the c-file or the e-file, then the d-pawn is an isolated pawn.
A typical plan for the player with an isolated pawn is to push the pawn and by exchanging the opponent's pawn get control by a piece on the square in front of the isolated pawn, for example white plays d4-d5 and after exd5 Nxd5 white gets a strong knight in the center.
If the opponent does not capture the advanced isolated pawn, then it can turn into a strong passed pawn.
I will show you 2 examples from 2 World Champions:
Tonight I studied 1 hour of tactics. You can solve a few of them on the diagrams and can watch the video to solve the others:
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