The Parrot Lore ( so far )

Hi! I'm a parrot! People say that I am a human, but I am actually a parrot! I love parrots; they're the best despite popular belief. That's why is why I put in my username reminding people that I am a parrot.

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For other uses, see Parrot (disambiguation).
Parrots, also known as psittacines (/ˈsɪtəsaɪnz/),[1][2] are birds of the order Psittaciformes (/ˈsɪtəsɪfɔːrmiːz/) and are found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. They are made up of four families that contain roughly 410 species in 101 genera. The four families are: Psittaculidae (Old World parrots) , the Psittacidae (African and New World parrots), the Cacatuoidea (cockatoos), and the Strigopidae (New Zealand parrots). One-third of all parrot species are threatened by extinction, with higher aggregate extinction risk (IUCN Red List Index) than any other comparable bird group.[3] Parrots have a generally pantropical distribution with several species inhabiting temperate regions in the Southern Hemisphere, as well. The greatest diversity of parrots is in South America[4] and Australasia.[5]

Parrots
Temporal range: Eocene–Holocene 50–0 Ma 
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A montage of six different types of parrot. Clockwise from top to bottom, these are two images of a large, squat, dull-green parrot; a skinny black parrot similar to a crow; a blue-black parrot with red cheeks and a large, hooked bill; a blue and yellow parrot with a hooked black beak and a white face; and a small, bright green parrot with a yellow collar and a black face.
About this image
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Clade:
Psittacopasserae
Order:
Psittaciformes
Wagler, 1830
Superfamilies
Vastanavis
Quercypsitta
Paleopsittacus
Cacatuoidea (cockatoos)
Psittacoidea (true parrots)
Strigopoidea (New Zealand parrots)
Parrot range.png
Range of parrots, all species (red)
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong, curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. Most parrots exhibit little or no sexual dimorphism in the visual spectrum. They form the most variably sized bird order in terms of length.

The most important components of most parrots' diets are seeds, nuts, fruit, buds, and other plant material. A few species sometimes eat animals and carrion, while the lories and lorikeets are specialised for feeding on floral nectar and soft fruits. Almost all parrots nest in tree hollows (or nest boxes in captivity), and lay white eggs from which hatch altricial (helpless) young.

Parrots, along with ravens, crows, jays, and magpies, are among the most intelligent birds, and the ability of some species to imitate human speech enhances their popularity as pets. Trapping wild parrots for the pet trade, as well as hunting, habitat loss, and competition from invasive species, has diminished wild populations, with parrots being subjected to more exploitation than any other group of birds. As of 2021, about 50 million parrots (half of all parrots) live in captivity, with the vast majority of these living as pets in people's homes.[6] Measures taken to conserve the habitats of some high-profile charismatic species have also protected many of the less charismatic species living in the same ecosystems.

Parrots are the only creatures that display true tripedalism, using their necks and beaks as limbs with propulsive forces equal to or greater than those forces generated by the forelimbs of primates when climbing vertical surfaces. They can travel with cyclical tripedal gaits when climbing.[7]

Contents
Taxonomy
Origins and evolution
 
Fossil dentary specimen UCMP 143274 restored as a parrot (left) or an oviraptorosaur
Psittaciform diversity in South America and Australasia suggests that the order may have evolved in Gondwana, centred in Australasia.[8] The scarcity of parrots in the fossil record, however, presents difficulties in confirming the hypothesis. There is currently a higher number of fossil remains from the northern hemisphere in the early Cenozoic.[9] Molecular studies suggest that parrots evolved approximately 59 million years ago (Mya) (range 66–51 Mya) in Gondwana. The Neotropical Parrots are monophyletic, and the three major clades originated about 50 Mya (range 57–41 Mya).[10]

A single 15 mm (0.6 in) fragment from a large lower bill (UCMP 143274), found in deposits from the Lance Creek Formation in Niobrara County, Wyoming, had been thought to be the oldest parrot fossil and is presumed to have originated from the Late Cretaceous period, which makes it about 70 million years old.[11] However, other studies suggest that this fossil is not from a bird, but from a caenagnathid oviraptorosaur (a non-avian dinosaur with a birdlike beak), as several details of the fossil used to support its identity as a parrot are not actually exclusive to parrots, and it is dissimilar to the earliest-known unequivocal parrot fossils.[12][13]

It is generally assumed that the Psittaciformes were present during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (K-Pg extinction), 66 mya. They were probably generalised arboreal birds, and did not have the specialised crushing bills of modern species.[9][14] Genomic analysis provides strong evidence that parrots are the sister group of passerines, forming the clade Psittacopasserae, which is the sister group of the falcons.[15]

The first uncontroversial parrot fossils date to tropical Eocene Europe around 50 mya. Initially, a neoavian named Mopsitta tanta, uncovered in Denmark's Early Eocene Fur Formation and dated to 54 mya, was assigned to the Psittaciformes. However, the rather nondescript bone is not unequivocally psittaciform, and it may rather belong to the ibis genus Rhynchaeites, whose fossil legs were found in the same deposits.[16]

 
Fossil skull of a presumed parrot relative from the Eocene Green River Formation in Wyoming
Several fairly complete skeletons of parrot-like birds have been found in England and Germany.[17] These are probably not transitional fossils between ancestral and modern parrots, but rather lineages that evolved parallel to true parrots and cockatoos:[18]

Psittacopes
Serudaptus
Halcyornithidae
Cyrilavis
Halcyornis
Pulchrapollia
Pseudasturides
Vastanavidae
Vastanavis
Quercypsittidae
Quercypsitta
Messelasturidae[19]
Messelastur
Tynskya
The earliest records of modern parrots date to around 23–20 mya.[20] The fossil record—mainly from Europe—consists of bones clearly recognisable as belonging to anatomically modern parrots.[21] The Southern Hemisphere contains no known parrot-like remains earlier than the Early Miocene around 20 mya.[20]

Etymology
The name 'Psittaciformes' comes from the ancient Greek for parrot, ψιττακός ('Psittacus'), whose origin is unclear. Ctesias (5th century BCE) recorded the name Psittacus after the Indian name for a bird, most likely a parakeet (now placed in the genus Psittacula). Pliny the Elder (23/24–79 CE) in his Natural History (book 10, chapter 58) noted that the Indians called the bird as "siptaces"; however, no matching Indian name has been traced.[22][23] Popinjay is an older term for parrots, first used in English in the 1500s.[24]

Phylogeny
Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Psittaciformes form a monophyletic clade that is sister to the Passeriformes:[25][26] The time calibrated phylogeny indicates that the Australaves diverged around 65 Ma (million years ago) and the Psittaciformes diverged from the Passeriformes around 62 Ma.[26]

Australaves    
Cariamiformes – seriemas

Falconiformes – falcons

Psittaciformes – parrots

Passeriformes – songbirds

Most taxonomists now divided Psittaciformes into four families: Strigopidae (New Zealand parrots), Cacatuidae (Cockatoos), Psittacidae (African and New World parrots) and Psittaculidae (Old World parrots).[27] In 2012 Leo Joseph and collaborators proposed that the parrots should be divided into six families. The New Zealand parrots in the genus Nestor were placed in a separate family Nestoridae and the two basal genera in the family Psittaculidae (Psittrichas and Coracopsis) were placed in a separate family Psittrichasidae.[28] The two additional families have not been recognised by taxonomists involved in curating lists of the world birds and instead only four families are recognised.[27][29][30][31]

The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic relationships between the four families. The species numbers are taken from the list maintained by Frank Gill, Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), now the International Ornithologists' Union.[27][32]

Psittaciformes    
Strigopidae – New Zealand parrot (4 species)

Cacatuidae – Cockatoos (21 species)

Psittacidae – African and New World parrots (181 species)

Psittaculidae – Old World parrots (204 species)

The Psittaciformes comprise three main lineages: Strigopoidea, Psittacoidea and Cacatuoidea.[33] The Strigopoidea were considered part of the Psittacoidea, but the former is now placed at the base of the parrot tree next to the remaining members of the Psittacoidea, as well as all members of the Cacatuoidea.[8][34][35] The Cacatuoidea are quite distinct, having a movable head crest, a different arrangement of the carotid arteries, a gall bladder, differences in the skull bones, and lack the Dyck texture feathers that—in the Psittacidae—scatter light to produce the vibrant colours of so many parrots. Colourful feathers with high levels of psittacofulvin resist the feather-degrading bacterium Bacillus licheniformis better than white ones.[36] Lorikeets were previously regarded as a third family, Loriidae,[37]: 45  but are now considered a tribe (Loriini) within the subfamily Loriinae, family Psittaculidae. The two other tribes in the subfamily are the closely related fig parrots (two genera in the tribe Cyclopsittini) and budgerigar (tribe Melopsittacini).[8][34][35]

 Strigopoidea     
Strigopidae 

     
 Cacatuoidea     
Cacatuidae

 Psittacoidea     
Psittacidae    
     
Neotropical parrots

     
Psittacinae

Psittrichasiidae    
     
Psittrichadinae

     
Coracopseinae

Psittaculidae    
Psittaculinae

Broad-tailed parrots

Fig parrots

Budgerigar

Lories and Lorikeets

Bolbopsittacus

Hanging parrots

Lovebirds

Psittacella

Phylogenetic relations between parrots[8]
Systematics
Main article: List of parrots
The order Psittaciformes consists of four families containing roughly 410 species belonging to 101 genera.[27][33]

 
Skeleton of a parrot
Superfamily Strigopoidea: New Zealand parrots

Family Psittacidae
Subamily Nestorinae: two genera with two living (kea and New Zealand kaka) and several extinct species of the New Zealand region
Subfamily Strigopinae: the flightless, critically endangered kakapo of New Zealand
Superfamily Cacatuoidea: cockatoos

Family Cacatuidae
Subfamily Nymphicinae: one genus with one species, the cockatiel.
Subfamily Calyptorhynchinae: the black cockatoos
Subfamily Cacatuinae
Tribe Microglossini: one genus with one species, the black palm cockatoo
Tribe Cacatuini: four genera of white, pink, and grey species
Superfamily Psittacoidea: true parrots

Family Psittacidae
Subfamily Psittacinae: two African genera, Psittacus and Poicephalus
Subfamily Arinae
Tribe Arini: 18 genera
Tribe Androglossini: seven genera.
Family Psittaculidae
Subfamily Psittrichasinae: two genera, Psittrichas (Pesquet's parrot), Coracopsis
Subfamily Platycercinae
Tribe Pezoporini: ground parrots and allies
Tribe Platycercini: broad-tailed parrots
Subfamily Psittacellinae: one genus (Psittacella) with several species
Subfamily Loriinae
Tribe Loriini: lories and lorikeets
Tribe Melopsittacini: one genus with one species, the budgerigar
Tribe Cyclopsittini: fig parrots
 
Blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) skeleton on display at the Museum of Osteology.
Subfamily Agapornithinae: three genera
Subfamily Psittaculinae
Tribe Polytelini: three genera
Tribe Psittaculini: Asian psittacines
Tribe Micropsittini: pygmy parrots
Morphology
 
Glossy black cockatoo showing the parrot's strong bill, clawed feet, and sideways-positioned eyes
Living species range in size from the buff-faced pygmy parrot, at under 10 g (0.4 oz) in weight and 8 cm (3.1 in) in length,[37]: 149  to the hyacinth macaw, at 1 m (3.3 ft) in length,[38] and the kakapo, at 4.0 kg (8.8 lb) in weight.[39] Among the superfamilies, the three extant Strigopoidea species are all large parrots, and the cockatoos tend to be large birds, as well. The Psittacoidea parrots are far more variable, ranging the full spectrum of sizes shown by the family.[39]

The most obvious physical characteristic is the strong, curved, broad bill. The upper mandible is prominent, curves downward, and comes to a point. It is not fused to the skull, which allows it to move independently, and contributes to the tremendous biting pressure the birds are able to exert. A large macaw, for example, has a bite force of 35 kg/cm2 (500 lb/sq in), close to that of a large dog.[40] The lower mandible is shorter, with a sharp, upward-facing cutting edge, which moves against the flat portion of the upper mandible in an anvil-like fashion. Touch receptors occur along the inner edges of the keratinised bill, which are collectively known as the "bill tip organ", allowing for highly dexterous manipulations. Seed-eating parrots have a strong tongue (containing similar touch receptors to those in the bill tip organ), which helps to manipulate seeds or position nuts in the bill so that the mandibles can apply an appropriate cracking force. The head is large, with eyes positioned high and laterally in the skull, so the visual field of parrots is unlike any other birds. Without turning its head, a parrot can see from just below its bill tip, all above its head, and quite far behind its head. Parrots also have quite a wide frontal binocular field for a bird, although this is nowhere near as large as primate binocular visual fields.[41] Unlike humans, the vision of parrots is also sensitive to ultraviolet light.[42]

Parrots have strong zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two back) with sharp, elongated claws, which are used for climbing and swinging. Most species are capable of using their feet to manipulate food and other objects with a high degree of dexterity, in a similar manner to a human using their hands. A study conducted with Australian parrots has demonstrated that they exhibit "handedness", a distinct preference with regards to the foot used to pick up food, with adult parrots being almost exclusively "left-footed" or "right-footed", and with the prevalence of each preference within the population varying by species.[43]

 
Eclectus parrots, male left and female right
Cockatoo species have a mobile crest of feathers on the top of their heads, which they can raise for display, and retract.[44] No other parrots can do so, but the Pacific lorikeets in the genera Vini and Phigys can ruffle the feathers of the crown and nape, and the red-fan parrot (or hawk-headed parrot) has a prominent feather neck frill that it can raise and lower at will. The predominant colour of plumage in parrots is green, though most species have some red or another colour in small quantities. Cockatoos, however, are predominately black or white with some red, pink, or yellow.[45] Strong sexual dimorphism in plumage is not typical among parrots, with some notable exceptions, the most striking being the eclectus parrot.[37]: 202–207  However it has been shown that some parrot species exhibit sexually dimorphic plumage in the ultraviolet spectrum, normally invisible to humans.[46][47]

Distribution and habitat
 
Most parrot species are tropical, but a few species, like this austral parakeet, range deeply into temperate zones.
See also: List of Psittaciformes by population
Parrots are found on all tropical and subtropical continents and regions including Australia and Oceania,[5] South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central America, South America,[4] and Africa.[48] Some Caribbean and Pacific islands are home to endemic species.[49] By far the greatest number of parrot species come from Australasia and South America.[50] The lories and lorikeets range from Sulawesi and the Philippines in the north to Australia and across the Pacific as far as French Polynesia, with the greatest diversity being found in and around New Guinea.[49] The subfamily Arinae encompasses all the neotropical parrots, including the amazons, macaws, and conures, and ranges from northern Mexico and the Bahamas to Tierra del Fuego in the southern tip of South America.[51] The pygmy parrots, tribe Micropsittini, form a small genus restricted to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.[52] The superfamily Strigopoidea contains three living species of aberrant parrots from New Zealand.[53] The broad-tailed parrots, subfamily Platycercinae, are restricted to Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific islands as far eastwards as Fiji.[54] The true parrot superfamily, Psittacoidea, includes a range of species from Australia and New Guinea to South Asia and Africa.[49] The centre of cockatoo biodiversity is Australia and New Guinea, although some species reach the Solomon Islands (and one formerly occurred in New Caledonia),[55] Wallacea and the Philippines.[56]

 
The kea is the only alpine parrot.
Several parrots inhabit the cool, temperate regions of South America and New Zealand. Three species—the thick-billed parrot, the green parakeet, and the now-extinct Carolina parakeet—have lived as far north as the southern United States. Many parrots, especially monk parakeets, have been introduced to areas with temperate climates, and have established stable populations in parts of the United States (including New York City),[57] the United Kingdom,[58] Belgium,[59] Spain[60][61] and Greece.[62] These birds can be quite successful in introduced areas, such as the non-native population of red-crowned amazons in the U.S. which may rival that of their native Mexico.[63] The only parrot to inhabit alpine climates is the kea, which is endemic to the Southern Alps mountain range on New Zealand's South Island.[64]

Few parrots are wholly sedentary or fully migratory. Most fall somewhere between the two extremes, making poorly understood regional movements, with some adopting an entirely nomadic lifestyle.[65] Only three species are migratory – the orange-bellied, blue-winged and swift parrots.[66]

Behaviour
 
Macaw parrot sitting on a tree branch
 
A rose-ringed parakeet
Numerous challenges are found in studying wild parrots, as they are difficult to catch and once caught, they are difficult to mark. Most wild bird studies rely on banding or wing tagging, but parrots chew off such attachments.[65] Parrots also tend to range widely, and consequently many gaps occur in knowledge of their behaviour. Some parrots have a strong, direct flight. Most species spend much of their time perched or climbing in tree canopies. They often use their bills for climbing by gripping or hooking on branches and other supports. On the ground, parrots often walk with a rolling gait.[41]

Diet
A yellow-tailed black cockatoo using its strong bill to search for grubs
The diet of parrots consists of seeds, fruit, nectar, pollen, buds, and sometimes arthropods and other animal prey. The most important of these for most true parrots and cockatoos are seeds; the large and powerful bill has evolved to open and consume tough seeds. All true parrots, except the Pesquet's parrot, employ the same method to obtain the seed from the husk; the seed is held between the mandibles and the lower mandible crushes the husk, whereupon the seed is rotated in the bill and the remaining husk is removed.[65] They may use their foot sometimes to hold large seeds in place. Parrots are granivores rather than seed dispersers, and in many cases where they are seen consuming fruit, they are only eating the fruit to get at the seed. As seeds often have poisons that protect them, parrots carefully remove seed coats and other chemically defended fruit parts prior to ingestion. Many species in the Americas, Africa, and Papua New Guinea consume clay, which releases minerals and absorbs toxic compounds from the gut.[67]

 
Chestnut-fronted macaws, yellow-crowned amazons, and dusky-headed parakeets at a clay lick in Ecuador
Geographical range and body size predominantly explains diet composition of Neotropical parrots rather than phylogeny.[68]

Lories, lorikeets, hanging parrots, and swift parrots are primarily nectar and pollen consumers, and have tongues with brush tips to collect it, as well as some specialised gut adaptations. Many other species also consume nectar when it becomes available.[69][70]

Some parrot species prey on animals, especially invertebrate larvae. Golden-winged parakeets prey on water snails,[71] the New Zealand kea can, though uncommonly, hunt adult sheep,[72] and the Antipodes parakeet, another New Zealand parrot, enters the burrows of nesting grey-backed storm petrels and kills the incubating adults.[73] Some cockatoos and the New Zealand kaka excavate branches and wood to feed on grubs; the bulk of the yellow-tailed black cockatoo's diet is made up of insects.[74]

Some extinct parrots had carnivorous diets. Pseudasturids were probably cuckoo- or puffbird-like insectivores, while messelasturids were raptor-like carnivores.[19]

Breeding
With few exceptions, parrots are monogamous breeders who nest in cavities and hold no territories other than their nesting sites.[65][75] The pair bonds of the parrots and cockatoos are strong and a pair remains close during the nonbreeding season, even if they join larger flocks. As with many birds, pair bond formation is preceded by courtship displays; these are relatively simple in the case of cockatoos. In Psittacidae parrots' common breeding displays, usually undertaken by the male, include slow, deliberate steps known as a "parade" or "stately walk" and the "eye-blaze", where the pupil of the eye constricts to reveal the edge of the iris.[65] Allopreening is used by the pair to help maintain the bond. Cooperative breeding, where birds other than the breeding pair help raise the young and is common in some bird families, is extremely rare in parrots, and has only unambiguously been demonstrated in the El Oro parakeet and the golden parakeet (which may also exhibit polygamous, or group breeding, behaviour with multiple females contributing to the clutch).[76]

 
The vast majority of parrots are, like this rose-ringed parakeet, cavity nesters.
Only the monk parakeet and five species of lovebirds build nests in trees,[77] and three Australian and New Zealand ground parrots nest on the ground. All other parrots and cockatoos nest in cavities, either tree hollows or cavities dug into cliffs, banks, or the ground. The use of holes in cliffs is more common in the Americas. Many species use termite nests, possibly to reduce the conspicuousness of the nesting site or to create a favourable microclimate.[78] In most cases, both parents participate in the nest excavation. The length of the burrow varies with species, but is usually between 0.5 and 2 m (1.6 and 6.6 ft) in length. The nests of cockatoos are often lined with sticks, wood chips, and other plant material. In the larger species of parrots and cockatoos, the availability of nesting hollows may be limited, leading to intense competition for them both within the species and between species, as well as with other bird families. The intensity of this competition can limit breeding success in some cases.[79][80] Hollows created artificially by arborists have proven successful in boosting breeding rates in these areas.[81] Some species are colonial, with the burrowing parrot nesting in colonies up to 70,000 strong.[82] Coloniality is not as common in parrots as might be expected, possibly because most species adopt old cavities rather than excavate their own.[83]

The eggs of parrots are white. In most species, the female undertakes all the incubation, although incubation is shared in cockatoos, the blue lorikeet, and the vernal hanging parrot. The female remains in the nest for almost all of the incubation period and is fed both by the male and during short breaks. Incubation varies from 17 to 35 days, with larger species having longer incubation periods. The newly born young are altricial, either lacking feathers or with sparse white down. The young spend three weeks to four months in the nest, depending on species, and may receive parental care for several months thereafter.[84]

As typical of K-selected species, the macaws and other larger parrot species have low reproductive rates. They require several years to reach maturity, produce one or very few young per year, and do not necessarily breed every year.[85]: 125 

Intelligence and learning
 
Sun conure demonstrating parrots' puzzle-solving skills
See also: Bird intelligence
Some grey parrots have shown an ability to associate words with their meanings and form simple sentences. Along with crows, ravens, and jays (family Corvidae), parrots are considered the most intelligent of birds. The brain-to-body size ratio of psittacines and corvines is comparable to that of higher primates.[86] Instead of using the cerebral cortex like mammals, birds use the mediorostral HVC for cognition.[87][failed verification] Not only have parrots demonstrated intelligence through scientific testing of their language-using ability, but also some species of parrots, such as the kea, are also highly skilled at using tools and solving puzzles.[88]

Learning in early life is apparently important to all parrots, and much of that learning is social learning. Social interactions are often practised with siblings, and in several species, crèches are formed with several broods. Foraging behaviour is generally learnt from parents, and can be a very protracted affair. Generalists and specialists generally become independent of their parents much quicker than partly specialised species who may have to learn skills over long periods as various resources become seasonally available. Play forms a large part of learning in parrots; play can be solitary or social. Species may engage in play fights or wild flights to practice predator evasion. An absence of stimuli can delay the development of young birds, as demonstrated by a group of vasa parrots kept in tiny cages with domesticated chickens from the age of 3 months; at 9 months, these birds still behaved in the same way as 3-month-olds, but had adopted some chicken behaviour.[65] In a similar fashion, captive birds in zoo collections or pets can, if deprived of stimuli, develop stereotyped and harmful behaviours like self-plucking. Aviculturists working with parrots have identified the need for environmental enrichment to keep parrots stimulated.[89]

Sound imitation and speech
Main article: Talking bird
See also: Animal language
0:44CC
Video of an orange-winged amazon saying "hello" having been prompted by some humans
Many parrots can imitate human speech or other sounds. A study by scientist Irene Pepperberg suggested a high learning ability in a grey parrot named Alex. Alex was trained to use words to identify objects, describe them, count them, and even answer complex questions such as "How many red squares?" with over 80% accuracy.[90] N'kisi, another grey parrot, has been shown to have a vocabulary around a thousand words, and has displayed an ability to invent and use words in context in correct tenses.[91]

Parrots do not have vocal cords, so sound is accomplished by expelling air across the mouth of the trachea in the organ called the syrinx. Different sounds are produced by changing the depth and shape of the trachea.[92] Grey parrots are known for their superior ability to imitate sounds and human speech, which has made them popular pets since ancient times.[93]

Although most parrot species are able to imitate, some of the amazon parrots are generally regarded as the next-best imitators and speakers of the parrot world. The question of why birds imitate remains open, but those that do often score very high on tests designed to measure problem-solving ability. Wild grey parrots have been observed imitating other birds.[94]

Song
Parrots are unusual among birds due to their learned vocalizations, a trait they share with only hummingbirds and songbirds.[95] The syrinx (vocal organ) of parrots, which aids in their ability to produce song, is located at the base of the trachea and consists of two complex syringeal muscles that allow for the production of sound vibrations, and a pair of lateral tympaniform membranes that control sound frequency.[96] The position of the syrinx in birds allows for directed air flow into the interclavicular air sacs according to air sac pressure, which in turn creates a higher and louder tone in birds’ singing.[95]

Cooperation
A 2011 study stated that some African grey parrots preferred to work alone, while others like to work together.[97] With two parrots, they know the order of tasks or when they should do something together at once, but they have trouble exchanging roles. With three parrots, one parrot usually prefers to cooperate with one of the other two, but all of them are cooperating to solve the task.[98]

Relationship with humans
Pets
Further information: Companion parrot
 
Pet Cuban amazons in Cuba
Parrots may not make good pets for most people because of their natural wild instincts such as screaming and chewing. Although parrots can be very affectionate and cute when immature, they often become aggressive when mature (partly due to mishandling and poor training) and may bite, causing serious injury.[99] For this reason, parrot rescue groups estimate that most parrots are surrendered and rehomed through at least five homes before reaching their permanent destinations or before dying prematurely from unintentional or intentional neglect and abuse. The parrots' ability to mimic human words and their bright colours and beauty prompt impulse buying from unsuspecting consumers. The domesticated budgerigar, a small parrot, is the most popular of all pet bird species.[100] In 1992, the newspaper USA Today published that 11 million pet birds were in the United States alone,[101] many of them parrots. Europeans kept birds matching the description of the rose-ringed parakeet (or called the ring-necked parrot), documented particularly in a first-century account by Pliny the Elder.[102] As they have been prized for thousands of years for their beauty and ability to talk, they have also often been misunderstood. For example, author Wolfgang de Grahl says in his 1987 book The Grey Parrot that some importers had parrots drink only coffee while they were shipped by boat, believing that pure water was detrimental and that their actions would increase survival rates during shipping.[103] Nowadays, it is commonly accepted that the caffeine in coffee is toxic to birds.[104]

Pet parrots may be kept in a cage or aviary; though generally, tame parrots should be allowed out regularly on a stand or gym. Depending on locality, parrots may be either wild-caught or be captive-bred, though in most areas without native parrots, pet parrots are captive-bred. Parrot species that are commonly kept as pets include conures, macaws, amazon parrots, cockatoos, greys, lovebirds, cockatiels, budgerigars, caiques, parakeets, and Eclectus, Pionus, and Poicephalus species. Temperaments and personalities vary even within a species, just as with dog breeds. Grey parrots are thought to be excellent talkers, but not all grey parrots want to talk, though they have the capability to do so. Noise level, talking ability, cuddliness with people, and care needs can sometimes depend on how the bird is cared for and the attention he/she regularly receives.[105]

 
Scarlet macaw riding a tricycle at a show in Spain
Parrots invariably require an enormous amount of attention, care, and intellectual stimulation to thrive, akin to that required by a three-year-old child, which many people find themselves unable to provide in the long term.[106] Parrots that are bred for pets may be hand fed or otherwise accustomed to interacting with people from a young age to help ensure they become tame and trusting. However, even when hand fed, parrots revert to biting and aggression during hormonal surges and if mishandled or neglected.[107] Parrots are not low-maintenance pets; they require feeding, grooming, veterinary care, training, environmental enrichment through the provision of toys, exercise, and social interaction (with other parrots or humans) for good health.[108]

Some large parrot species, including large cockatoos, amazons, and macaws, have very long lifespans, with 80 years being reported,[109] and record ages of over 100.[110] Small parrots, such as lovebirds, hanging parrots, and budgies, have shorter lifespans up to 15–20 years.[111] Some parrot species can be quite loud, and many of the larger parrots can be destructive and require a very large cage, and a regular supply of new toys, branches, or other items to chew up.[105] The intelligence of parrots means they are quick to learn tricks and other behaviours—both good and bad—that get them what they want, such as attention or treats.[108]

The popularity, longevity, and intelligence of many of the larger kinds of pet parrots and their wild traits such as screaming, has led to many birds needing to be rehomed during the course of their long lifespans. A common problem is that large parrots that are cuddly and gentle as juveniles mature into intelligent, complex, often demanding adults who can outlive their owners, and can also become aggressive or even dangerous. Due to an increasing number of homeless parrots, they are being euthanised like dogs and cats, and parrot adoption centres and sanctuaries are becoming more common.[85]: 77–78  Parrots do not often do well in captivity, causing some parrots to go insane and develop repetitive behaviours, such as swaying and screaming, or they become riddled with intense fear. Feather destruction and self-mutilation, although not commonly seen in the wild, occur frequently in captivity.[112][113]

Trade
 
Hyacinth macaws were taken from the wild for the pet trade in the 1980s.[114] As a result, Brazil now has only a very small number of breeding pairs left in the wild.[115]
Main article: International parrot trade
The popularity of parrots as pets has led to a thriving—and often illegal—trade in the birds, and some species are now threatened with extinction. A combination of trapping of wild birds and damage to parrot habitats makes survival difficult or even impossible for some species of parrot. Importation of wild-caught parrots into the US and Europe is illegal after the Wild Bird Population Act was passed in 1992.[116]

The scale of the problem can be seen in the Tony Silva case of 1996, in which a parrot expert and former director at Tenerife's Loro Parque (Europe's largest parrot park) was jailed in the United States for 82 months and fined $100,000 for smuggling hyacinth macaws (such birds command a very high price.)[117]

Different nations have different methods of handling internal and international trade. Australia has banned the export of its native birds since 1960.[118] In July 2007, following years of campaigning by NGOs and outbreaks of avian flu, the European Union (EU) halted the importation of all wild birds with a permanent ban on their import.[119] Prior to an earlier temporary ban started in late October 2005, the EU was importing about two million live birds a year, about 90% of the international market: hundreds of thousands of these were parrots.[120] No national laws protect feral parrot populations in the U.S.[121]

Mexico has a licensing system for capturing and selling native birds.[122] According to a 2007 report, 65,000 to 78,500 parrots are captured annually, but the mortality rate before reaching a buyer is over 75%, meaning around 50,000 to 60,000 will die.[123]

Culture
 
Moche parrot, 200 CE Larco Museum Collection Lima, Peru
Parrots have featured in human writings, story, art, humor, religion, and music for thousands of years, such as Aesop's fable "The parrot and the cat",[124] the mention "The parrot can speak, and yet is nothing more than a bird" in The Book of Rites of Ancient China,[125] the Masnavi by Rumi of Persia in 1250 "The Merchant and the Parrot".[126] Recent books about parrots in human culture include Parrot Culture.[127]

In ancient times and current, parrot feathers have been used in ceremonies and for decoration.[128] They also have a long history as pets, stretching back thousands of years, and were often kept as a symbol of royalty or wealth.[129]

Parrots are used as symbols of nations and nationalism. A parrot is found on the flag of Dominica and two parrots on their coat of arms.[130] The St. Vincent parrot is the national bird of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, a Caribbean nation.[131]

Sayings about parrots colour the modern English language. The verb "parrot" in the dictionary means "to repeat by rote". Also clichés such as the British expression "sick as a parrot" are given; although this refers to extreme disappointment rather than illness, it may originate from the disease of psittacosis, which can be passed to humans.[132][133] The first occurrence of a related expression is in Aphra Behn's 1681 play The False Count.[134] Fans of Jimmy Buffett are known as parrotheads.[135] Parrots feature in many media. Magazines are devoted to parrots as pets, and to the conservation of parrots.[136] Fictional media include Monty Python's "Dead Parrot sketch",[137] Home Alone 3[138] and Rio;[139] and documentaries include The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill.[140]

Mythology
As early as the ancient Chinese Shang dynasty (c. 1600 BCE ~ 1045 BCE), jade artifacts are found crafted in the shape of parrots and were subjected to burning over wood along with other jade objects and livestock, likely as a part of ritual sacrifices known as 'Liao' sacrifices (燎祭), generating smoke offerings to the heavens, gods and ancestors. This ritual is believed to have been inherited from previous worship practices and continued into the Zhou Dynasty. A jade parrot, among other artifacts, recovered from the tomb of Fu Hao at Yinxu provides significant evidence of this practice.[141]

In Polynesian legend as current in the Marquesas Islands, the hero Laka/Aka is mentioned as having undertaken a long and dangerous voyage to Aotona in what are now the Cook Islands, to obtain the highly prized feathers of a red parrot as gifts for his son and daughter. On the voyage, 100 of his 140 rowers died of hunger on their way, but the survivors reached Aotona and captured enough parrots to fill 140 bags with their feathers.[142][143]

Parrots have also been considered sacred. The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped birds and often depicted parrots in their art.[144] Parrots are popular in Buddhist scripture and many writings about them exist. For example, Amitābha once changed himself into a parrot to aid in converting people. Another old story tells how after a forest caught fire, the parrot was so concerned, it carried water to try to put out the flames. The ruler of heaven was so moved upon seeing the parrot's act, he sent rain to put out the fire.[145] In Chinese Buddhist iconography, a parrot is sometimes depicted hovering on the upper right side Guan Yin clasping a pearl or prayer beads in its beak.[146]

Feral populations
 
Feral red-masked parakeets in San Francisco
Main article: Feral parrot
Escaped parrots of several species have become established in the wild outside their natural ranges and in some cases outside the natural range of parrots. Among the earliest instances were pet red shining-parrots from Fiji, which established a population on the islands of southern Tonga. These introductions were prehistoric and red-shining parrots were recorded in Tonga by Captain Cook in the 1770s.[55] Escapees first began breeding in cities in California, Texas, and Florida in the 1950s (with unproven earlier claims dating back to the 1920s in Texas and Florida).[60] They have proved surprisingly hardy in adapting to conditions in Europe and North America. They sometimes even multiply to the point of becoming a nuisance or pest, and a threat to local ecosystems, and control measures have been used on some feral populations.[147]

Feral parrot flocks can be formed after mass escapes of newly imported, wild-caught parrots from airports or quarantine facilities. Large groups of escapees have the protection of a flock and possess the skills to survive and breed in the wild.[148] Some feral parakeets may have descended from escaped zoo birds. Escaped or released pets rarely contribute to establishing feral populations, as they usually result in only a few escapees, and most captive-born birds do not possess the necessary survival skills to find food or avoid predators and often do not survive long without human caretakers. However, in areas where there are existing feral parrot populations, escaped pets may sometimes successfully join these flocks.[148][149] The most common years that feral parrots were released to non-native environments was from the 1890s to the 1940s, during the wild-caught parrot era.[149] In the "parrot fever" panic of 1930, a city health commissioner urged everyone who owned a parrot to put them down, but some owners abandoned their parrots on the streets.[150]

Threats and conservation
 
The Norfolk kaka went extinct in the mid-1800s due to overhunting and habitat loss.[151]
The principal threats of parrots are habitat loss and degradation, hunting, and, for certain species, the wild-bird trade.[3] Parrots are persecuted because, in some areas, they are (or have been) hunted for food and feathers, and as agricultural pests. For a time, Argentina offered a bounty on monk parakeets for that reason, resulting in hundreds of thousands of birds being killed, though apparently this did not greatly affect the overall population.[152]

Parrots, being cavity nesters, are vulnerable to the loss of nesting sites and to competition with introduced species for those sites. The loss of old trees is a particular problem in some areas, particularly in Australia, where suitable nesting trees must be centuries old. Many parrots occur only on islands and are vulnerable to introduced species such as rats and feral cat, as they lack the appropriate antipredator behaviours needed to deal with predators.[153] Island species, such as the Puerto Rican amazon, which have small populations in restricted habitats, are also vulnerable to natural events, such as hurricanes.[154] Due to deforestation, the Puerto Rican amazon is one of the world's rarest birds despite conservation efforts.[155]

 
A mounted specimen of the Carolina parakeet, which was hunted to extinction
 
Senegal parrot in conservatory
One of the largest parrot conservation groups is the World Parrot Trust,[156] an international organisation. The group gives assistance to worthwhile projects, as well as producing a magazine (PsittaScene)[157] and raising funds through donations and memberships, often from pet parrot owners. On a smaller scale, local parrot clubs raise money to donate to a conservation cause. Zoo and wildlife centres usually provide public education, to change habits that cause damage to wild populations. Conservation measures to conserve the habitats of some of the high-profile charismatic parrot species has also protected many of the less charismatic species living in the ecosystem.[158]: 12  A popular attraction that many zoos employ is a feeding station for lories and lorikeets, where visitors feed them with cups of liquid food. This is usually done in association with educational signs and lectures.[159] Birdwatching-based ecotourism can be beneficial to economies.[160]

Several projects aimed specifically at parrot conservation have met with success. Translocation of vulnerable kakapo, followed by intensive management and supplementary feeding, has increased the population from 50 individuals to 123 in 2010.[161] In New Caledonia, the Ouvea parakeet was threatened by trapping for the pet trade and loss of habitat. Community-based conservation, which eliminated the threat of poaching, has allowed the population to increase from around 600 birds in 1993 to over 2000 birds in 2009.[162]

As of 2009, the IUCN recognises 19 species of parrot as extinct since 1500 (the date used to denote modern extinctions).[163] This does not include species like the New Caledonian lorikeet, which has not been officially seen for 100 years, yet is still listed as critically endangered.[164]

Trade, export, and import of all wild-caught parrots is regulated and only permitted under special licensed circumstances in countries party to the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) which came into force in 1975 to regulate the international trade of all endangered, wild-caught animal and plant species. In 1975, 24 parrot species were included on Appendix I, thus prohibiting commercial international trade in these birds. Since that initial listing, continuing threats from international trade led it to add an additional 32 parrot varieties to Appendix I.[165] All other parrot species, aside from the rosy-faced lovebird, budgerigar, cockatiel and rose-ringed parakeet (which are not included in the appendices) are protected on Appendix II of CITES.[166][167] In addition, individual countries may have laws to regulate trade in certain species; for example, the EU has banned parrot trade,[120] whereas Mexico has a licensing system for capturing parrots.[122]

World Parrot Day
Every year on 31 May, World Parrot Day is celebrated.[168]

See also
     Birds portal
List of parrots
Parrots of New Zealand
Parrots of New Guinea
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External links
  Media related to Psittaciformes at Wikimedia Commons
Parrot videos on the Internet Bird Collection
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I own a country called Parrottopia. It's full name is The Democratic Parrot's Republic of the Socialist and Fascist Parrottopia Empire Of The Universe Regime. King Parrot I ( respect him, he was born in 69 BC ), founded the empire and is still alive. I, as King Parrot 1000th, currently owns the empire. I have explored space and currently owns, the UK, France, Southern Italy, Spain, Portugal, South America excluding Columbia and Chile, North America excluding El Salvador and Alaska, Sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Ceres, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Proxima Centauri, Rigel, some of an unknown planet, some of Zanchas  50% of Jakotoi, 49% of Wertatir and all of Abcdefg. Much of the land was helped taken by the FSEROC.

Ok, so according to lore, it says I'm a God for creating a universe. But, I'm not taking the God role.

I feel it a little offensive to religions, as ofc, this is a story.

THe Parrot Lore is universes. A human universe, a parrot universe, a fox universe, a human extinct universe and doomsday universe.

The human universe is the normal one. The Parrot Universe is the one I created. All these universes are made from one person. Which God you believe in is the creator in this lore.

And all of these universes is a universe of the Parrot Lore, thus breaking the 4th wall. It is complicated but there are 5 mini universes in this gianter universe.

I did this blog to clarify about the origins of this lore universe to clear the cruft of people saying Parrottopia doesn't exist. Now, you can say it MIGHT actually exist if you are a conspiracy theorist. 

Now, there isn't proof Parrottopia exists and no proof that it doesn't.

4. Human extinct universe

This one, I will talk about.

As the name implies, it is a universe where everything is same except no humans

The animals on Earth are basically in the Hunger Games. 

Animals like the mammoths and dinosaurs overpower all the animals and eventually making them extinct.

At that point there were two species:

330 million mammoths

340 million dinosaurs 

The dinosaurs have a clear lead but they were a little weak. The two species clashed in battles several times a week.

Until, in 1032 (translated in human time), aliens shown up and destroyed both species.

To this day, it is controlled by extraterrestrials. They have made a rich empire.

Back story of Parrottopia:

King Parrot I was bored. Tired of being supressed by the hawks. He started a revolution against them! The hawks, who were already facing internal problems, thought it was a joke, so they didn't cares about it. And that was their blunder! King Parrot I declared independence from the Royalty of Hawks which angered King Hawk 87th. The hawks were then tricked into going into the Parrot Coverting machine. The parrots grew in sizes and the other small parties were also going against the hawks! King Hawk 87th abdicated the throne with the Treaty of Lokitia. King Parrot I then conquered most of the remaining Royalty of Hawks, growing in power, but still not even a regional power. King Parrot I named the country Parrottopia and made his descendants heirs to the throne and abdicated the throne for his heirs.

A crusade to Pigeonholetia actually done by King Parrot 12th, but King Parrot I did help in the crusade.

Parts from History of Parrottopia:

Before, this battle was known as Parrottopia's second deadliest war ever, until the War against another planet.
King Parrot 356th (RMKP) was struggling with it's countries economy. Parrots were suffering and Parrottopia has just lost another war with the Royal Ant Empire (RAE). RMKP then proceeded to attack the enclave of the RAE known as Terition with 3,400 parrots. The RAE blasted cannons across RKP'S forces and they were forced to pull a treaty with RAE, losing some land in Southern Parrottopia (SP).SP was infuriated.
SP recently introduced hawk slaves that it has taken from Parrottopia who took them from the hawks. Northern Parrottopia (NP controlled by RMKP) was angry about introducing slavery and wanted the hawks instead, put to death.
Next month, King Parrot 356th died and then came debate. People debated if King Parrot 357th (current ruler of NP) should take the crown or should Fertio Gates Parrotson, RMKP's nephew and ruler of SP. KP 357th took the crown and Fertio delared Southern Parrottopia his country and broke away from the union. This started the Parrottopia civil war.

SP was the aggressor and started the war, Feratio quickly used his 78,000 parrots to take Fort Rogers from Parrottopia. After a 7 day siege, the fort fell. The parrots partyed all night. With 78k parrots (78% of SP's army) in the fort partying, NP went for SP's capital, Gatestown, with 82k parrots. The 78k tried and quickly ran to catch the army but it was too late. NP had secured their capital. SP made a desperate attempt at then moved the capital next to the Ants, expecting the ants to join their side as SP bribed them with money. But, this turned out to be a lie. NP promised even more money to the Ants and thus the Ants joined NP's side. SP fell in days.

Now, Parrottopia conquered it's neighbours being one of the most powerful nations to ever exist. But, this civil war did do damage to old Parrottopia with its 12k casualties and 3k deaths.

But what was Parrottopia's actual deadliest war? That is, the Second Civil War

It was somewhere back in time, I DUNNO WHEN. But there was a parrot named King Parrot 561st. He was the most vicious tyrant of all rulers of Parrottopia. However, he was overthrown.

It started when King Parrot 561st was the next heir to the throne. However, impatient he was, the young parrot demanded King Parrot 560th to step down and hand over the throne to him. King Parrot 560th got angry and argued that all parrots of the throne were to die of age or combat against enemies. The heir was very angry and grabbed a glass bottle and struck the king on the head. King Parrot 560th died from the injury, and now the newly crowned parrot would soon become one of the most hated rulers in all of Parrottopia.

When news was heard of King Parrot 560th's death, many people got angry at King Parrot 561st for killing him. They mourned for his death and made a very fancy grave for him. King Parrot 561st got angry and sent troops to eliminate the followers. 500 parrots were shot in the head at Portoi Hill. This made townspeople even angrier. But soon, King Parrot 561st got rid of the constitution and made his own rules. Now, protests were made. People wanted King Parrot 561st to stop his tyranny, but King Parrot 561st ignored the "nonsense" and ordered the military to grow their forces. This order was obeyed, and the military started to train more soldiers. Eventually, after 9 years and after the overthrow of King Parrot 561st, the military would be stronger than ever. King Parrot 561st would be known for growing the military later in the future. Anyways, the protests grew much larger, and now King Parrot 561st was concerned and sent large amounts of troops to Ajinka, Ewoso, and Pelecan. The citizens of these states were bothered by the troops, and cringed at the sight of their arrival. At first, everything was neutral, but soon, 5 months later, they started to attack and beat up these soldiers. Many were hanged or killed for treason. Soon, the citizens would band up together and push the troops out of these states, ultimately leading to civil war.

When news reaches to other places in Parrottopia, people got really angry and many started to order weapons or make their own. King Parrot 561st was aware of this and sent even more troops to deal with these people.

Many gun and weapon stores were closed, but this didn't stop the people of Parrottopia. They started to steal from these stores and even stole from weapon-making factories. On one night, when troops were the only things that were in the streets, an angry mob stormed the place and killed all the soldiers. Troops were sent to reinforce them, but were ambushed by other civilian forces and were dissolved entirely. Now, King Parrot 561st was getting really angry. A civil war had been born.

Troops occupied 3 quarters of Parrottopia, but civilians were using war tactics to push them out. In Hwani, the Parrottopian military forces outnumbered the civilian forces by 3 to 1, but the civilian general, General Squawkcok was brave and said: "WE EITHER DIE IN FASHION OR DIE IN MISERY!!!" They charged and at first were shot down by the machine gunners, but they used grenades and blew up the machine gunners. They blasted through the military and the Parrottopian military general Ocaparro made a retreat to the city of Theton, where other troops were fighting against other civilian forces. The  city was surrounded and General Ocaparro surrendered, and the civilians now had captured 60,000 troops. However, the parrots had a long way to go to get their freedom from King Parrot 561st. Soon enough, a large air force bombed Umato, killing 257,000 people. This was a serious setback for the rebellers. Parrotin, the future King Parrot 562nd, who was the son of the evil king,  was elected president of the new Free Parrottopia. Parrotin decided that their forces would attack Fijon, a state that contained lots of military supplies and aircraft and tanks. Troops there were in small numbers and would be easy to take over. At night, the civilian forces attacked one of the military bases and caught the soldiers off guard. They immediately surrendered after several minutes of fighting, and the base was now their's. The tyrant was exiled and the Constitution rewritten for this to never happen ever again.

Part 2: Winged Parrots Charge

The Democratic Royalty and State of the Hedgehogs People (or just hedgehogs) were sieging the city of Parrot Center and Qaserious. Qaserious was one of Parrottopia's biggest assets, including massive oil reserves and lots of exports and imports. The Hedgehogs led devastating blows to the city's walls and towers; they bombed the ground and sent grenades over the walls. 60 days, outnumbered and weak. (@whisper2016 , I expect you to know what I'm talking about)

Good news tho, the Parrottopians had captured the heir of the Hedgehogs and executed him. This enraged his dad, who punished him seve- nvm this isn't Oversimplified. This enraged the King, who burned Qaserious to the ground. King Parrot 218th was a weak military commander and his peoples starting to get angry. Riots flooded across the country and the police tried the best they could to stop the aforementioned riots.  Then, at the worst time, the battle has began. 

The Hedgehogs were far more advanced than the parrots and their infantry pushed the army behind the walls. If the walls ceased to exist, it would've been the end. The Hedgehogs then dug under and planted explosives, causing a mini earthquake in the ground. The Parrottopian morale was extremely low. King Parrot 218th was about to surrender until...

A fire blew up in the distance. Then, came another firework. Both sides were incredibly confused, but what followed next would turn the tables.

Screams and shouts were squawked from the mountains, and then came the Parrottopian flag waving from the distance. An unexpected general had commanded unknown soldiers in Parrottopia's name. It was the man, the myth, the legend, Robert Parrotson. He charged deep into the Hedgehog's lines with his mighty stallion and demanded his calvary to sharge straight into the enemy. Volleys of arrows then came from the archers at the back, the calvary came close and stabbed the Hedgehogs. When Guan (the King of the Hedgehogs ) tried to escape, the infantry came from the sides and Guan then realised; he was trapped. 

The Hedgehogs then surrendered and with their king in prison, their land exploded into civil war, of which Parrottopia would soon conquer it in the following years. Robert Parrotson was earned a permanent place as the Half-Consul of Parrottopia forever. His works spread through the press with his great military tactics could rival other amazing generals. This one battle changed his life and saved Old Parrottopia. 

Parrottopia's Foreign Communities

The foreign community of Parrottopia is a small group containing eagles, hawks, pigeons, and other foreigners from other nations. Many were discriminated for their kind especially hawks (Remember the Royalty of Hawks?). Today, they are in a much safer environment with less harassment.

It started 500 years ago when eagle immigrants traveled from Eagland to Parrottopia in search of jobs, adventure, and other things. At first, they were given a warm welcome, but when going into their new neighborhoods, many were told that there feathers were ugly, being only brown and white. Parrots believed that they had very disgusting food and often barged into houses and smashed their pots and pans. Due to these harsh racial attacks, many eagles left. Soon after, pigeons and hawks came. They didn't get a warm welcome like the eagles. Hawks were beat up because they were from the Royalty of Hawks, the nation which used to control Parrottopia. Many were covered in hot liquids and got bad burns. Pigeons were also hated because they got crusaded by the parrots long ago, and parrots still didn't like them. They were sent to live in poor environments and often got many diseases.

Ranks:

Number 1: King Parrot 1000th, me.

Number 2: King Parrot I

Number 3:  Bidilz The Great ( Leader of the FSEROC, co-ruler of Parrottopia ) 

Number 4:  Robert Parrotson ( General Of War, Attacking and Defending )

Number 5:  Bob Parrotson ( Country's Best Chef )

Number 6: James Parrotson ( Helps everyone from poverty and several issues )

Number 7: John Parrotson ( Country's Best Architect)

Number 8: William Parrotson ( Supreme Court Judge ) 

Number 9: Benjamin Parrotson ( Country's Best Electrician)

Number 10: Michael Parrotson ( Head of Land, agriculture, mining, etc )

Number 11: Isaac Parrotson( Helps the environment)

Number 12: Germini Parrotson ( Country's Best Scientist)

Number 13: Wery Parrotson ( Country's Scariest Person )

Number 14: Richard Parrotson ( Country's Best Soldier )

Number 15: Fred Parrotson ( Country's Best Trainer )

Number 16: Andy Parrotson ( My advisor )

Number 17: Noah Parrotson ( Country's Best Boat Builder )

Number 18: Oliver Parrotson ( Country's Best Oblivious Wing )

Number 19: Liam Parrotson ( Country's Best Teacher )

Number 20: Alexander Parrotson ( The Person with the Country's Best Moustache )

Number 21: Alex Parrotson ( Country's Best Fisherman )

Number 22: Lucas Parrotson ( Country's Best Security Guard )

Number 23: Henry Parrotson ( Country's Second Best Rickroller )

Number 24: Elijah Parrotson ( Country's Best Mathematician )

Number 25: Muhammed Parrotson ( Country's Best Dentist )

Number 26: Theodore Parrotson ( Country's Best Therapist )

Number 27: Finn Parrotson ( Country's Best Doctor )

Number 28: David Parrotson ( Country's Best Artist )

Number 29: Joseph Parrotson ( Country's Best Firefighter )

Number 30: Charles Parrotson ( Country's Best Astronaut )

General Robert Parrotson is charge of the Winged Parrots, the strongest army ever united. They are 57.3 googolplex billion parrots fight for Parrottopia, all in the Winged Parrots. 12 googolplex of the troops protect the Animal Kingdom. Another googelplex troops are scatted across the various lands, planets and stars across the universe. The rest of the Winged Parrots are ready to attack or are defending Parrottopia.

FSEROC: The FSEROC is the best ally of Parrottopia. We have signed the CFPTMA which is the Chess Federation, Parrottopia, Military Alliance. We then signed the CFPTRMEA, which is the Chess Federation, Parrottopia, Roblox Military and Economic Alliance. The FEROC stands for the  Federation Of The Socialist Empire Of The Republic of Chess. It is tied for the biggest country in the universe with Parrottopia. It is the most beautiful and natural planet in the universe. It is also the most modern place in the universe. Every person in the FSEROC are meant to learn chess at the age of 5. Occasionally, the scientists make the best of nukes. FSEROC has ties with Parrottopia with the best of doctors. It has an overwhelming amount of doctors taking care of patients, however there is no COVID-19 There. same with Parrottopia. There is googolplex people who have the common cold in both countries. But, 2 googolplex have a sour throat. The capital is Kasparova named after Garry Kasparov.

Pitopia: The ally of Parrottopia, made by @SameerAchhab1 . We still do not know much about the country tho. We do know that it chops heads a lot. The residents there actually have a lot of fun.

FNR:  The ally of Parrottopia, made by @Amiel081 , the full name is the Federation Nation Republic. We still do not know much of the country tho. He is now @AMJ1206 .

Kingdom of kingCobras: The ally of Parrottopia, made by @KingCobra280.  We still do not know much about the country.

Potatotopia: The all of Parrottopia, made by @weizou. We still do not know much about the country.

King Parrot 999th died on May 16th and I was coronated on that same day a couple hours before he died, he gave up his title before he died. I made this lore the day after I was coronated so humans can know about this multiverse.

Top cities:

Number 1: Parrot Center

Number 2: Fischaura

Number 3: Rochester 

Number 4: Kernilion

Number 5: Jaktritio

Number 6: Chirparroakt

Number 7: Partdonia

Number 8: Citilicka 

Number 9: Kinhdeil

Number 10: Pocrazio

Number 11: Webbedtoes Infrastructure 

Number 12: Yaluksa

Number 13: Parrottown

Number 14: noImAparrotisamazing

Number 15: UniverseCentric

Top Ports:

Number 1: Port Of Parrottopia

Number 2: Port of Guilds

Number 3: Crown Port

Number 4: Alekhiot Port

Number 5: Port of Seattle

Number 6: Charlestown Port

Number 7: Fren Port

Number 8: Gimsterind Port

Number 9: Port of Fischaura 

Number 10: Port of Pocrazio 

Number 11: Yaluksa Port of Spice

Number 12: Webbedtoes Infrastructure Port

Number 13: The Giant Hole Port

Number 14: 16 Water and You!

Number 15: Centric Port

Top Airports:

Number 1: Parrot Center Grand Airport

Number 2: Crown Flyover Airport

Number 3: Airport of Fischaura

Number 4: The Airport of Guilds

Number 5: New York Grand Airport

Number 6: FlyCenter Wings Of Pride

Number 7: Fly Parrots!

Number 8: Take To The Skies of Rochester 

Number 9: Express Air of Porcrazio

Number 10: London Air Skies

Number 11: Grand Airport of Moscow

Number 12: Anchorage Airport

Number 13: Great Airport of Sengarot

Number 14: Airport of Yaluksa

Number 15: Fly Sea Of Lachonstar

Top Companies:

Number 1: Parrot Inc. owned by noImAparrot

Number 2: Scarlet Fierce owned by Tijer, son of noImAparrot

Number 3: Terminate Vertrociate owned by Sir Vertociate Fern Parrotson

Number 4: The Gulp Led Band owned by Knisent Deratio Parrotson

Number 5: Feds Expressmarket owned by Fed Red Parrotson

Number 6: Amazon.pt owned by Jeff Preston Parrotson

Number 7: Giant Red~ owned by Ribon Derst Parrotson

Number 8: WatchNet owned by Sertain Aterr Parrotson

Number 9: Grocer owned by Greg Tergious Parrotson

Number 10: Jhdjsfkhewuaf owned by Fjdshfejw Hkdhfdsf Parrotson (JFH)

Number 11: Noice* owned by DamnDats Noice Parrotson (DDN)

Number 12: The Rester News owned by Nester Portuilous Parrotson

Number 13: Jorad Doynk Yousapuv owned by J̶̨̡̻͉̖̤͎͙̫͉͔͈̖͍̫͔̗̜͖̫͎̼̳͚͇̪̇͋͑̐̈́͒̈́̀̃̽̅̋̈́̐̉͐͋̎̂̍̋̈́͐̒̄́̚͘̕͜͝a̸̧̦͈̩̬̙͕̝̝̲̔̾̒͐̐̎́̿̿̾̒̀̈̈́͋̄̂͂̒̈́̕̚̕͝ͅr̵͉̎̀̃̍̉̊̏̾̐̅͆͒̀̒́̅e̷̦̜̫͛̏͆̀̏̈́́̿̒̂́̍̔̓̌̚̕̕͠ḑ̶̢̛͍̳͇͎̫̩͍̺̫͙̖͈̱̗̳͔̰̟̙͎̲̬̘͔͈̞̓̈́̂́̌̅̑́͛͌̃̂͂̅͊̾̈́͘͘ ̴̡̡̰̭͔̬̬̺̰̩̼̫̘͕̲̼̟̘͕̗̲̬̮͌̊̄̀͛̉̋̓̔̊̚Ḑ̵̛͇̱̻̟̝̦͍̼̜̱͍̣͍̰̠̐͋͊̇́̏̑̌̉͗͆͒ͅơ̴̢̭̼̘̮͖̣̘̬̘̗̻̝̤͔̣̟̹̯͛̾̈́͛́̔̏̅͌̉͝ͅi̶̡̖̮̼͇̩̥͈̤̣̖̪̊̈́̕͜͝ṋ̶̨̧̛͈͍̪̘͙̪̼̮͙͕̫͈̹̰̱̟͉͎̤͙̝͔̆̎͐͆͆̅̅͂̉̋̍͂̀̄̄͐̐̚̕͜͜͝k̷̥̣͋̕ ̸̢̬͉͎̘̤͂̇̓̑̅͑̑̉͘Ü̴̡̡̨̜̤̲̠͉͉̱͇̦̪͉͚̩̘̗̺̘̞̫̊̈́̓̐͗͆̎̈́͑̎̚ͅs̵̢̢̫̙͕̪̗͍͔̘͕̯̲̭̣̏̑͛̽͛̌̀̇̀̀̅̋̒͆̒̓̈́͛̾̌́̏́̊̕͘̚͝ũ̴̡̥̥̼͇̤̩͋͒͌͊̊͑̑͊̆͑̚p̵̧̛͚̥̤̖͓̰̎́̈̈́͒̍̑̀̓̋͠o̷̹̜͍͇̤̼̩͕̲̦̥̰͈̘͗̽͋͂̅̐̅̃͂͗̊̅̉̆͗̏̑͒̐̕̚͜͠v̴̧̪̞̱͔̲̰̪̰͈̙̳̩̱͖͈̖̮̮͙̕

Number 14: Lucker Turns owned by Lepro Chan Parrotson

Number 15: Clover Vehicles owned by Clover Gater Parrotson 

The hardest battle ever. The battle against Wertatir. A planet twice the size of Parrottopia and the FSEROC. It was a hard battle, with them sending nukes over to FSEROC. With help of some other nations, we destroyed the planet. With the capital, Hojh, being completely destroyed. Bidilz got 51% and I got 49%.

The 2nd American Revolution. On May 26th, the Americans made a revolution with the 13 colonies + California, Texas and North Dakota. They had laser guns. Thanks to the FSEROC, they supplied us with laser guns that can switch from lasers to bullets. We easily won and the revolutionists commanders were executed.

Parrottopia will also NEVER lose a war. This is metaphorically impossible.

As Parrottopia is a dictatorship, we have installed a secret police called the Oblivious Wings. Don't say anything bad about Parrottopia or else you would go to prison.

We have infinite people, because there are so many aliens on the planet, we converted them into parrots! Yeah, and we are the biggest country.  If you want to visit, you MUST be a parrot.

All parrots have the Bird Flu. The flu makes all birds CRAZY. That explains why I am crazy. The flu doesn't kill tho. 

Some parrots 'worship' me. Not really worshipping. It more of like praising. It is called Parrotism.

The canon family of noImAparrot:

noImAparrot, Head of The Family Tree                      King Parrot I, Brother of noImAparrot (he                                                                                   has  his own family tree from King Parrots 1-999)

noImAparrot children from oldest to youngest:

Mino, Tijer, Timmy, Mario, Luigi , @Rimjhim_Rahman,  @Dragondom1 (adopted AND A FILTHY TRAITOR) ,Catherine, Jimmy, Barry, Panda, Pandu, Pinda, Ponda, Pandu

noImAparrot Grandchildren: 

Pandi, Bon and Pando children of @Dragondom1 (THE ADOPTED TRAITOR), Scar son of Mino and Tilet son of Tijer

noImAparrot Great-Grandson : 

Turin son of Tilet son of Tijer

Nephews and Nephews removed (insert number):

King Parrot II as my nephew

All the King Parrots 1-999 like King Parrot 420th is my nephew removed 419, King Parrot 999 is my nephew removed 998

This is the current noImAparrot Family!

Alcohol is also legal, to make everyone MORE CRAZY. Now that I think of it, that is quite crazy. Basically, every parrot is drunk. Also, surprisingly, our dogs will always go to mud whenever they see it. Odd. Smoking is completely banned tho, because if parrots smoke, they can't mimic.  

Me and @ThebestA9player were having a little fun 'argument'. He said that he destroyed Parrottopia. I said that it was a fake Parrottopia. He then did the same thing again and I replied with the same thing. He then said he destroyed Parrottopia WITH THE S.W.A.T TEAM. I said that it was a fake Parrottopia with cameras and robots. I then closed the doors to the fake Parrottopia and made A9's team stuck in their, also it's unescapable . He then destroyed ANOTHER FAKE PARROTTOPIA. He said that he spared me, but it was A FAKE ME. I then closed the doors and let lava pour from the ceiling. PLOT TWIST: A9 SAID HE WAS GOD. He later escaped. He said that he could instant kill me. I responded with '/ban ThebestA9player'. He then SAID THAT IT DOESN'T WORK ON GODS BUT WORKS ON PARROTS. He 'tried' to ban me.  PLOT TWIST 2.0: I WAS THE OWNER OF THE SERVER. A9 couldn't ban me and same reverse. Well, A9 snapped and turns out, every time he snaps the population doubles. But we couldn't agree the war ended like that. We made a crystal that snaps a lot every second. So me and FEROC, have a lot population. Basically infinite. Sadly, @ThebestA9player account was closed for abuse. They may have been a small rival of mine, but we shall still remember him. He is back and made his own country. I said that I will buy weapons from him, but MY TRADERS ARE ALWAYS ASLEEP.

Asdf tried to kill the Winged Parrots but was then killed by the Winged Parrots. He is out of the lore.

Parrottopia Constitution: https://www.chess.com/blog/noImAparrot/parrottopia-constitution

It was said by @Kesarling_UT (Anti-Parrot Faction member) that the side with the most support will win the Parrots vs Anti-Parrots War. Parrottopia has googolplexs of googolplexs of parrots supporting Parrottopia and thus Parrottopia has won! 
 

The currency of Parrottopia is PFE, which stands for Parrot's Freedom Exchange.

I now have dragons, a dragon army called the Dragon Legends. They are never corrupt and never evil and will never betray me.

I now have mammoths, a mammoth army. They are never corrupt and never evil and will never betray me.

Before I was a parrot, I was a dragon and made the Ancient Dragon Rules. I then devolved into a parrot and started Parrottopia.

Drago buried Germini Parrotson under the waves. He was dead. 

I got hold of the Jengenze Stones, which can command the waves.  I split the waves and find Germini there. I revive him using the revive book that Schaltt gave me for free (lmao, also he gave the other revive book to Dream). Germini is back.

I command the 69,420 seas. 

The anti-parrot faction is a propaganda meant to be a joke, they are not serious and their club has bad morals. They are universally regarded as the worst club ever.

First Election: It was for Prime Minister between the Communist Worker Parrots are the French Baguette Company Party. The communists got 2 votes and the French got 3 votes and thus the French won! 

@FutureISROscientist is the mad scientist, making potions to strengthen the army. His workplace is next to Germini's. You would think they are rivals, but no. They are good friends and are on a path to make heaps of potions and equipment.

Chess: Chess is a board game where people hate each other for losing a fake king on a board. Crazy, right? Now, all parrots MUST learn chess or play chess at maximum age 6.

The Parrot Gambit and the Par-Tez Opening are openings in chess. More about it explained in this blog of mine: https://www.chess.com/blog/noImAparrot/the-parrot-gambit-ft-par-tez-gambit

We also have a vassal. Federation of Socialist Planet of the Republic of Ravens, inspired by FSEROC. FSPRR.

If you are wondering how I eat flies with my mask on, it's because the Among Us Player, that I named NOT-SUS, eats them for me. Yeah, odd. Also, don't question why I have a moustache and a top hat. Trust me, it's normal. Now, with the old mask in the bin and a parrot on it, I eat flies using the parrot called DERICIOUS DELCIIOUS. Typo intended. 

This isn't the end of the Parrot Lore! There is still more to come! Random people in the comments, who are friends of mine, can even get in the Parrot Lore! This blog will be edited when something new happens in the Parrot Lore.

People mentioned in the lore:

@noImAparrot  (Parrottopia)

@Beluga-Bid or @Bidilz (FSEROC)

@ThebestA9player (Parrottopia)

@SameerAchhab1 (Parrottopia)

@AMJ1206  (Parrottopia)

@KingCobra280 (Parrottopia)

@MaskedNuisance  (APF)

@asdfghkl123456798 (APF)

@Dragondom1 (APF and a Traitor to Parrottopia)

@AmongUsSpy (contributed to the lore and is APF)

@Kesarling_UT (Once APF, now Neutral)

@FutureISROscientist (Parrottopia)

@Rimjhim_Rahman (Parrottopia)

@weizou (Parrottopia)

Lore shoutouts:

@noImAparrot 

@Bidilz now is @Bid

All Parrottopia loyal members

@vietnamguy2012 , get well soon

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