Chess Rules for Beginners.

In chess, players alternate turns moving one piece at a time, with the goal of checkmating the opponent's king (putting it under attack with no way to escape). Each piece has unique movement capabilities, and capturing an opponent's piece involves replacing it on the square. Here's a breakdown of the key rules: 1. Setup and Basic Rules: Board: The chessboard has 64 squares arranged in an 8x8 grid, with alternating light and dark squares. Starting Position: Pawns are placed on the second and seventh ranks, with other pieces arranged as shown in the image. Turns: White moves first, and players alternate turns. Capturing: A piece is captured when an opponent's piece moves to the same square, replacing it and removing it from the game. Movement: Pieces move to vacant squares, except when capturing an opponent's piece. King in Check: The king cannot be captured, but it can be put in check (attacked). Checkmate: The game ends when the king is in check and there is no way to remove it from attack, resulting in checkmate and the player with the king in check losing the game. 2. Piece Movement: Pawn: Moves one square forward, or two squares on its first move. Captures diagonally one square forward. Rook: Moves any number of squares horizontally or vertically. Bishop: Moves any number of squares diagonally. Knight: Moves in an "L" shape (two squares in one direction and one square perpendicularly) and can jump over other pieces. Queen: Combines the movement of the rook and bishop, moving any number of squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. King: Moves one square in any direction. 3. Special Moves: Castling: A special move involving the king and one rook, allowing the king to move two squares towards the rook and the rook to jump over the king to an adjacent square. En Passant: A special pawn capture that can occur when a pawn moves two squares forward from its starting position, and an opponent's pawn is positioned diagonally next to it, allowing the opponent to capture the pawn as if it had moved only one square. Pawn Promotion: When a pawn reaches the opposite end of the board, it is promoted to any other piece (except a king). 4. Draw Conditions: Stalemate: When a player's king is not in check, but the player has no legal moves, the game ends in a draw. Threefold Repetition: If the same position occurs three times in a row, the game ends in a draw. 50-Move Rule: If 50 consecutive moves are made by each player without a pawn move or capture, the game ends in a draw. Insufficient Material: If there is not enough material on the board to force a checkmate, the game ends in a draw.

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