I've messed up pretty badly on my previous position, but I know that this one is definitely illegal:
Yes it is. It does not depend on the retractions in the center. The general configuration is illegal since there is no promotion square for black's light-squared bishop - without an extra capture on the same file. Considering that [Rh1] is a lost boy white would need 17 pieces in the game setup.
The original position had a pawn on the c-file to prevent a promotion, but after switching the rook for a pawn and then for a bishop, I forgot to add the pawn back. I've checked over this position and I believe it is finally problem-free:
It appears now that the last move f3xQg4 works again.