Any modern computer that can run Windows will be an improvement. Without knowing your budget it's impossible to recommend something specific. AMD usually provides a little more bang for the buck, but so many other factors to take into account. Doubt that you need the latest and greatest but a really fast machine is kind of fun. Probably overkill unless you want to use it for gaming or serious GM level preparation.
Stockfish and Komodo are the reigning champs of course, but if you want the computer to dumb itself down for you, HIARCS chess gets high marks for human like play. There are hundreds of preset openings that you can practice against and it has an easy to use DB that is quite useful. Limited to PGN files though so you have to shuffle DBs in and out and the large ones take awhile to load. Check it out:
http://www.hiarcs.com/chess-explorer.htm
As someone who likes to play longer games of several hours or more I often have to play against the computer. For the past few years I've been playing against Rybka 4 on a desktop with an AMD Athlon II x4 640 processor, no graphics card, and 4 gb of RAM. I have Rybka set to run at 1800 elo strength, and although I've gotten a lot more comfortable playing against 1.Nf3 and 1.c4 since it opens with those all the time, I do notice some problems with the program.
1. It seems to play weaker and stronger in different games. In some games it will often make bad obviously pointless moves like moving a rook back and forth, play generally badly and so I can win. Other times it will play very well and I get crushed or get in a bad position and have to use all my skill not to lose. I wonder if this isn't so much the program as it might be something with my computer? Maybe the times it plays bad are when my computers RAM is tied up doing something else?
2.Sometimes it seems like Rybka 4 is actually alive, I say this because first, it sets traps and seems to be playing with an element of hope chess. Second, there have been games where I get to a clearly winning position and it suddenly starts taking a really, really long time for its moves, so much that I begin to think the program has frozen and then when I click to offer a draw to see if its frozen or not it immediately accepts the draw.
3. Sometimes especially during warmer weather, the program seems to tax my computer and the fans start whirring.
I was wondering for the other people who like to play against computer opponents, what's a good program to use these days and a good laptop that I can play on that won't be taxed or have its processor be damaged? I would like the program to have an adjustable ELO and be able to set it to play certain openings or have games from certain starting positions.