To give a short answer: Yep.
Do you play chess better with stimulants?

A few glasses of wine really helps me to relax and focus better. Especially in bullet games,where I am generally nerveous to begin.

FIDE does test people for substances that they consider are causing unfair advantages to those taking them.
The most known banned stimulant that does increase performance in Chess is from the group that Aderall and Ritalin belong to.
Mainly it's not that they "stimulate" the brain to make a better move, but rather they keep the mind fully awake.
There is one medication in particular whose name I know but won't mention which is designed to reduce sleepiness and sluggishness in people. It is used in the military on jet pilots. It's composition isn't fully known yet. But it works. It is illegal to use it for FIDE matches. It also causes a very uncomfortable feeling in the mind. Best I could decribe it is that I didn't feel like I had to sleep but I definitely felt the mind was extremely exhausted. (I didn't take it for chess or any kind of recreation)
I haven't heard about people using marijuana to help with chess. But in very small amount it increases the ability to focus and concentrate. It is not a guaranteed effect, plus it doesn't last long. It may also turn off the parts of the brain needed to think about chess moves. I don't recommend people take it for Chess or any sort of focus enchanting purposes. It's not what it is best for.
Caffeine is also monitored by FIDE but I don't think they're serious about it. I read that it is only when it goes over a certain measurable amount.
Im wondering if drinking coffee or taking something like aderrall makes you play better. Are stimulant drugs banned from professional tournaments?