Carlsen is the world's best chess player. He can attack when given the opportunity, but he generally wins by outplaying his opponents from equal positions in the late middlegame.
Some of the great attacking players in the game today include Ivanchuk, Morozevich, Andreikin, Nakamura, Aronian, Shirov, Anish Giri, Liren Deng, and others.
If you don't know where to start studying the great attacking players, start at the beginning.
The Romantics taught us how to attack. If you haven't gone over the games of Morphy, Adolf Anderssen, Rudolph Spielmann, and others, then that's where you should start. It's where all the great attackers since them started.
Take a look at these two games to see how much modern GMs are influenced by the classics:
And now, one of the candidates for Game of the Year. You'll see that Anand's sacrifice is even deeper than Rubinstein's, but he stated afterwards that he was inspired by the previous game:
Yes. I have come to the same conclusion. I don't believe Carlsen would have the same results, if they still did adjournments.
Carlsen tries to draw the game out for 5 hours, then comes out in full force. After his opponent has been exhausted. (Very much like Belgum's Football team, now that I think of it.)
Naka is another one who's good for that. Only he doesn't have Magnus' endgame touch.