Not sure I understand the question, can you elaborate or give examples? 
opponents momentum
i been told by some chess fanatics, that is some sort of conter attack,also dont understand or how is that possible.
Not in the same way as for physical martial arts. But an attack can be overstretched e.g.
1. white checks with a bishop - black blocks with a pawn.
2. white checks with another minor/major piece - black counters that check and threatens the 2nd piece.
Now white has two pieces en prise, and may struggle to extricate both safely.
There's this interesting game http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1042835 (Geller-Euwe, 1953) in which black invites white's pieces to attack then counterattacks when all of white's attackers are cut-off.
That's a beautiful game played by two of the best chess players of all time, Kickaha!
Indeed, rirrerick, that kind of attack is possible. When attacking you often weaken your position. As in the above game, one side purposelly allows the other to attack just so those weakneses can be exploited.
I think it's a universal principle true for all sports but most vivid for individual one on one type of physical or intellectual encounters. In judo, for instance, when your opponent attacks you, he is risking his balance and will quickly lose if his attack is unsuccessful. Same in boxing, you are defensing looking for the opportunity to strike. And the same principle I found useful in chess. If opponent drops his guard, i.e exposes his king for the attack, advances king side pawns, I carefully defend but constantly looking for the opportunity to strike.
using opponents momentun to weaken the attack,is that posible?