For long-term improvement, there are no shortcuts; it is mostly just hard work on your chess, experience and playing/analyzing a lot. You learn slowly over time step by step.
However, certain things are really useful for learning chess quickly, but this isn't a shortcut - but rather just efficient learning.
Some key things to learn which may speed chess learning some are:
- Learning basic checkmates like King + Queen vs King or King + Rook vs King
- Learning basic theoretical endgames like King + pawn vs King how to win this ending utilizing King Opposition and when this endgame is a forced draw with best defense
- Solving lots of chess puzzles/tactics to help increase your pattern recognition ability
What is the best shortcut for a beginner player to use to save time and ease of use?