Your opponent set up an automatic response line. You made the move he THOUGHT you would make and so his planned response to your move kicked in and its your move again.
Free players can only put in one line. It is of limited use... but if you solved for mate via forced moves, you can enter the moves and forget about that game. Or any other small forced sequence etc ... it helps speed things along. I use it once in a while.
What does it mean in Online chess when you get the message "Your move has triggered a conditional move. Your move again?" - instead of the usual message "Your move has been submitted..."