#16
Conclusion:
You do need to learn openings at any rating below grandmaster.
You can play just by applying general principles: develop pieces into play and control the center.
Capablanca became world champion without opening theory, but that is no longer possible now.
This is excellent advice if you are one of the greatest talents in chess history--AND you can get into a time machine and go back to 1911, when chess theory was in its infancy. Otherwise, it's garbage. There are no International Masters or FIDE Masters today who don't know a tremendous amount of opening theory, even in lines they don't play for either side.
#18
Not by trial and error but by thinking over the board.
Capablanca lost only 48 games in his whole life.
Here is a famous game of his: his opponent played the novelty 8...d5 that he had studied secretly for 10 years. Capablanca had never seen it before, accepted the pawn, defended, and won.
https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1095025