I think it boils down to time, cost, distance, and the fact that chess is difficult and pretty damn boring compared to other sports and games. I have a friend who won't play in tournaments because of cost -- entry fee plus USCF membership fee. Then there is the issue of proximity; some people don't want to drive 20+ miles and spend all day playing chess.
I don't understand why tournaments have to be an all day affair anyway. I'm playing in one this Saturday and rounds go from 10 AM to 5 PM. It sucks. Who wants to see a game between two exhausted players? Why not spread it out, like one game every Saturday for a month? It seems like everyone benefits -- people aren't tired so the level of play is potentially better, and casual players aren't turned off by the idea of playing chess for an entire day.
As someone who is trying to host tournaments, especially those aimed at the "low end" of the chess spectrum, I'm going to be asking what it might take to get more people to a tournament. If you are reading this, you are probably a chess enthusiast, but some of you don't go to "live" events. I want to change that, at least for some people. If there are barriers, I want to bring them down, to the extent possible.
Here are some ideas I think might be keeping people away from tournaments, and some ideas about what to do about them. I'm looking for comments on these and suggestions for others.
1. Cost - This has been debated so extensively and is so well known that I don't want it here. Any tournament I run will have a cost approximately equal to going to a movie.
2. Rated play only - As odd as it may seem to some, I think there are people who don't like the whole rating system. I know when I started playing, I lost a lot of games. It's really stressful keeping a scorecard and watching a time clock, and until you get used to it, your game suffers badly. As a result, I, a 45 year old man, went to a few tournaments with a 300 rating. And before a game, what happens? A guy filling in the spots on his scoresheet asks, "What's your rating?" I didn't really enjoy saying "300". (Now it's up to 700, which some people still sneer at, but I don't feel embarrassed. Your milage may vary.)
Also, rated games require USCF membership. That adds to cost. I think it would be better to have unrated sections. Of course, there's an outreach problem, but that's another story.
3. Chess tournaments are boring.
That's an odd thing to say in a Chess forum, but there's some truth to it. If I want to play Chess, I can do so on the internet pretty well. The reason I would choose an OTB tournament is less abbout the Chess, and more about the people. Interacting with a real human being is more fun than with a computer screen. At the tourneys I attend, though, the games end, maybe there is an award ceremony, and everyone goes home. I want to do some things that actually increase the human interaction between real people. I've decided that a skittles room is very important, and that the skittles should stay open after the tournament is over. I would like to see opportunities to hang out after the games are done.
And, dare I say it, after the tournament is over, maybe we could play a game other than Chess? Am I the only player in the world who thinks Chess is one great game out of many? Yes, it has some things that make it special, but come on, how about some diversity? Of course, I'm content with a 700 rating, too. Maybe that's related. So, for me, knowing that would happen would be a positive feature that would make me look forward to a tournament. Am I alone in that thought?
4. Everyone's better than me
I hear this one a lot from people who only play in coffeehouse clubs. I think it's an unfortunate problem. For one thing, if all of these people came, then there would be other crummy players.
I'm not sure how to get around this problem. I think the steps above would all appeal more to people who, frankly, aren't all that good at chess, and who might like to be better, but can't get all excited about the idea.
So, what else keeps you away? If you don't go to tourneys, what might make you decide to change?