THE 32-BIT COORDINATE SYSTEM. JAVA HAS A 64-BIT SYSTEM. Every time you double your distance, Minecraft slightly breaks. In Java, these effects do not do anything, seeing as with a 64-bit coordinate system, the game doesn't start breaking until a ludicrously far distance, far beyond the world border 30,000,000 blocks away from spawn. The world border makes a Java edition Minecraft world 3,600,000,000 square kilometers in size, over seven times the surface area of the earth! A bedrock world has seven soft limits and one hard limit:
Soft limit 1: 256 (2^8) blocks from spawn: The game does not work as intended beyond this point, as the slowest method of travel, sneaking on blue ice with cobwebs while touching powder snow and under the effect of slowness VI while using an item, becomes impossible. You likely will not notice any broken things until soft limit 2.
Soft limit 2: 131,072 (2^17) blocks from spawn: This is when you will start noticing that the game is starting to break. This limit is the first time that the game breaks in a way that isn't just a method of travel becoming impossible, as fire behaves slightly different past this point.
Soft limit 3: 8,388,608 (2^23) blocks from spawn: This is the end of your journey in Survival mode, as you will fall through blocks into the void past this point. Bye!
Soft limit 4: 16,777,216 (2^24) blocks from spawn: It is physically impossible to be at an odd number coordinate past this number, as it breaks the game. You can still sprint-fly with Creative mode past this point, all the way until soft limit 6.
Soft limit 5: 30,000,000 blocks from spawn: This is the limit of how far the /tp command ranges. Using the nether does let you reach 32,000,000 blocks, however still not enough to reach the next soft limit.
Soft limit 6: 33,554,432 (2^25) blocks from spawn: This is the end of your journey in Creative mode, without using an item. All blocks from this point are 2-dimensional, and past this point on both the X and Z axes, all blocks are invisible.
Soft limit 7: 536,870,912 (2^29) blocks from spawn: This is the farthest you can travel in vanilla Minecraft, and this limit can theoretically be hit in Survival mode, however I doubt anyone will reach this limit in vanilla Bedrock without using Creative mode or some sort of mod.
Hard limit: 2,147,483,647 blocks from spawn (2^31-1): The game crashes beyond this point.
Edit: There are two soft limits and a hard limit that cannot be accessed, as they are beyond 2,147,483,647 blocks.
Soft limit 8: 281,474,976,710,656 (2^48) blocks from spawn: Past this point, you will need to go faster than the speed of light to move...
Hard limit 2: 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 (2^63-1) blocks from spawn: The game crashes here if you are using a 64-bit system...
Soft limit 9: ~3.402824e+38 (2^128) blocks from spawn: Past this point, the game cannot load your coordinates, and will just give your coordinate(s) past this point as "Infinity". Woah.
Source: https://minecraft.fandom.com/wiki/Bedrock_Edition_distance_effects