Bottvinnik isn't the strongest player ever.
But he may be the Greatest.
When you consider the scope and magnitude of his achievements -
both inside chess and outside chess -
and what his chess career might have looked like if there hadn't been this 'obstacle' called World War II.
Chess will never be solved, here's why


No. Please can I repeat vigorously. Life does not imitate chess it's a game life is real. Sort of.
Take the tip from Morphy. Or beat him at chess....

There's even a theory that every chess game would end in a draw if nobody makes a mistake.
That's never been proven and might never be proven ...
(want it Disproven right away? Lol ! Somebody doesn't make a mistake but they lose on the Clock ! )

No such things as mistakes in general
it's like psychometric texting everyone has their own style.
What ?? No 'mistakes' in chess ??
You walk into mate in one and didn't have to?
That's 'style'?
Well its certainly 'style' on a way to look at it.

In general.
NOT about silly errors
A gigantic portion of errors are 'blunders'. 'Silly' errors.
Anyway - my point continues to stand.
The theory that 'the game will end in a draw if nobody makes a mistake' can be disproven fast.
Because the game doesn't end in a draw if your flag goes down.
You can play as perfect as you like - but no draw once that time has run out first.
And that's the general figurative 'you'.
Its also never been proven as to whether each of white's 20 first moves would be draw - win or loss if both players play 'perfectly'.
And it might never be.

Sorry folks no such things as perfect play in a whole game in Chess. Just think about it for fifteen minutes.

Sorry folks no such things as perfect play in a whole game in Chess. Just think about it for fifteen minutes.
Who said there was? No apology necessary.

By the way - consider Black's play in this game ...
and it doesn't even take fifteen seconds to consider it ...
g4 e5 f3 Qh4# checkmate.
Something 'imperfect' about black's play there?
#2166
"There are non-mathematicians and non-mathematicians.
You are obviously one of the latter."
I am pretty sure I know more about mathematics than any of you, including the man with the 2 degrees.
Mathematics has since ancient times been applied to solve all kinds of problems, not to demonstrate that nothing can be concluded.
I assume you're referring to Gödel there.
Induction and deduction are the two main pathways of any science.
Do you really think any of your 4 curves represents the fraction of decisive games versus time?
No, but I thought you, as the World's greatest living mathematician, might.
Coming back to deriving the error rate E from the fraction of decisive games D, it is obvious that E =~D provided D is small enough.
Proof:
At 1 min / move the paper gives D = 0.021.
Under the generally accepted hypothesis that chess is a draw a decisive game contains an odd number of errors.
Thus
D = E + E^3 + E^5 + E^7 + ... = E / (1 - E^2)
Thus
E^2 - 1 + E/D = 0
Thus
E = sqrt ((1 / 2D)^2 + 1) - 1 / 2D
Keying in
D = 0.021
yields
E = 0.020990747
Thus E =~D
quod erat demonstrandum
Par for all your "proofs". If you check in a situation where it can be measured as I did here you get:
Fraction of decisive games = 0.1 (under your new game rules with 3-fold repetition - 0.0 under your new game rules with 2-fold repetition. Smaller than in your sample in a game different from whichever you propose to solve.)
Error rate per game = 3.0 (under your new game rules with 3-fold repetition - 2.7 under competition rules - haven't bothered to work it out under your new game rules with 2-fold repetition.)
0.1 is approximately equal to 3.0?
By the way - consider Black's play in this game ...
and it doesn't even take fifteen seconds to consider it ...
g4 e5 f3 Qh4# checkmate.
Something 'imperfect' about black's play there?
Chance it's a perfect game if the starting position's a win for Black.
There's even a theory that every chess game would end in a draw if nobody makes a mistake.
That's never been proven and might never be proven ...
(want it Disproven right away? Lol ! Somebody doesn't make a mistake but they lose on the Clock ! )
Strictly speaking you can't lose on the clock under FIDE laws.
FIDE define the game as a physical game.
For example only art. 4 determines that players must move their own pieces, by mandating that if the player having the move touches an opponent's piece he must capture it, which can be done only by moving one of his own pieces.
The definition of 'legal move' in art. 3 doesn't say anything about the conditions under which it may be played, it defines 'legal move' for both players at any point. It is left to other rules (arts. 4 and 5) to determine if those 'legal" moves are legitimate.
The dead position rule (art. 5.2.2) states:
The game is drawn when a position has arisen in which neither player can checkmate the opponent’s king with any series of legal moves. The game is said to end in a ‘dead position’. This immediately ends the game, provided that the move producing the position was in accordance with Article 3 and Articles 4.2 – 4.7.
If the player having the move has less than time d/c on his clock, where d is the minimum diameter of the base of his chess pieces and c is the speed of light, then it is impossible for him to complete a move (the force required to complete the move would in any case exceed the shearing force of the piece or the fingers of the one hand with which he must make the move sometime earlier).
So whenever a player fails to complete the required number of moves in the allotted time according to art. 6.3.1 a dead position has occurred at some time strictly earlier terminating the game in a draw.
I am related to Fischer!?
My view on promotion, a loyal footsoldier can become a fieldmarshal....
Good choice I think of top players not obsessed, Mikhail is the "Russian doyen" an AI Research establishment director in real life, chess is quite correctly very important to Russia (not related to the war, please try and forget for a moment). It's like music an unique international language currency and fellowship similar to the scientific community.