That's not why. Solving chess, at least in the sense of strongly solving chess, would be to provide an algorithm that evaluates every legal position to "white mates with perfect play", "black mates with perfect play", or "draw", and provide a move that does not change that evaluation. (Since chess games have a finite length, said algorithm can consistently win any winning position, and force a draw in any drawn position.)
"Chess" denotes several different games each with its own set of solutions. Of the FIDE versions only games played according to the post 2017 competition rules are limited to a finite length. Games played under post 2017 basic rules or all pre 2017 rules are not.
That means that for the unlimited games simply providing a move that doesn't change the evaluation is not enough. E.g. for a position with this diagram (with the White king on one of the two squares shown) and White to play ...
an algorithm that recommends moving the king to the other square doesn't change the evaluation but also doesn't solve the position.
And strictly speaking the evaluation is necessary at most for drawn positions in the unlimited games. Just a move will do.
No chess engine we have right now can do that. Such an engine's self-play would result in either consistent wins from one side, or consistent draws.
True, which is not to say a consistent result indicates perfect play. It may be the case that SF15 would draw against itself no matter how many attempts it made with less than geological think time per move from this Black winning position, for example.
(As opposed to a random legal move generator v SF15 which would probably achieve the mate in far fewer attempts than a monkey on a typewriter would need etc.)
Yes, that does mean we have solved chess with up to 7 pieces on the board (an algorithm for that is available on this website).
'Fraid not. For example it doesn't do the final position in this competition rules game which is a mate in 16.
(Try using the top move it shows against the computer in "Analysis".)
Fair enough, I was referring to the current FIDE rules.
You aren't taking the 50-move rule into account. If you shuffle your king in the position you mentioned, you'd at some point be unable to mate within the 50-move rule, thus changing the evaluation from "white mates" to "draw". Hence my hypothetical algorithm would force mate in less that 50 moves in your given position to prevent a draw, which changes the evaluation.
Exactly why I said, "for the unlimited games", meaning games without the 50 move or triple repetition rules, e.g. FIDE basic rules chess since 2017. Under those rules you never reach a point at which the moves change the evaluation, so the moves are always perfect.
But the result isn't.
Using the website, you similarly have to take the 50-move rule into account.
Under FIDE competition rules that's true, but it still wouldn't be any use. E.g. starting with the king on h8, after ...
the site's top move (https://syzygy-tables.info/?fen=6K1/6R1/8/8/3k4/8/8/8_b_-_-_9_5) is 5...Kc5 which loses for Black when he could draw by 5...Ke5.
In that case it's easy to say at what point White's moves cease to be perfect (5.Kg8).
No, a consistent result does not indicate perfect play, but perfect play requires a consistent result.
We're agreed on that. My comment wasn't intended to contradict what you said; just an observation.
The difference is huge for a strong solution of chess, but not for a weak solution which merely has to achieve the optimal result of the starting position, not to successfully take advantage of blunders by the opponent. ...
1. That depends on the weak solution. The fact that there are weak solutions that include no repetitions doesn't imply that all weak solutions include no repetitions. I think most would (though there would exist a reduced solution for each that didn't). Nothing in what @tygxc has said so far includes any steps to eliminate either repetitions or blunders.
2. The difference may not be huge for many weak solutions, but that doesn't mean that it's not huge for any process for finding those solutions. A perfectly accurate player (both perfect and accurate) would not repeat a position that is winning for him. Stockfish will not only repeat winning positions but also repeat positions it thinks are winning (it does't know one way or the other of course).
Here is a recent game I ran, Arena/SF15 v Arena/Rybka/Nalimov from a ply count 0 mate in 46 position.
SF15 has already blown it on move 9 under the 50 move rule.
Exercise for @tygxc: could he still win if the 50 move rule "didn't matter" but the triple repetition rule "did matter".
As you said earlier, @tygxc doesn't understand the difference between basic rules positions and competition rules positions. I'll have another go at explaining.
So @tygxc:
ARE YOU LISTENING?
I give two examples, both from the KR v K endgame to keep it simple.
In the above game the FEN in the final position is the same as the FEN in the initial position with the exception of the ply count and move number. Under FIDE basic rules chess since 2017 the remaining fields are sufficient to determine the possible continuations and hence the theoretical value of the positions .
The remaining fields are in fact all Tromp takes into account in arriving at his estimate of 4.82 x 10^44 legal positions, so he counts the two positions as the same.
Under FIDE basic rules since 2017 that is OK; both positions are a forced win for White and the positions can be counted as the same.
Under FIDE competition rules however, the initial position is a forced win but the final position is a draw because after 49...Kb1 White has no checkmate and Black can claim under the 50 move rule. Under those rules the positions must be counted as different. (If you don't know how to mate from the initial position you are safe to follow Syzygy, because there are no pairs of previous positions considered the same under art.9.2.)
The above shows a game and variation. If you check the FENs in the final position of both they are identical in all fields. Tromp also counts these two positions as the same.
Under FIDE basic rules since 2017, White is winning in both positions.
Under FIDE competition rules, however the final position in the main line is drawn by triple repetition after 4...Ka1, whereas the final position in the variation is winning for White (again you can follow Syzygy if you have difficulty). So again under FIDE competition rules the positions must be counted as different.
Notice also that if you're playing under competition rules and ask Syzygy for advice as Black in the final position of the mainline, it will tell you to play 4...Kc1 which loses rather than 4...Ka1 which draws. That's why you should stop insisting that Syzygy is a strong solution of 7 man positions under FIDE competition rules. It's not.
Of course, ICCF rules are something altogether different again.
Final exercise for @tygxc:: Find the smallest upper bound you can for the number of positions in the KR v K endgame under FIDE competition rules.