First real educational post in a while
Whether the Caro-Kann or the French Defense is better has always been a debate between players and fans of each opening and others alike. It's almost up there with 1. e4 vs 1. d4 as the best opening move and the Sicilian against 1...e5 as the best opening reply to 1. e4.
Both the Caro-Kann and the French have the same opening goal: to establish black's presence in the center by means of playing ...d5. 1...c6 and 1...e6 both support 2...d5, when black claims some central space and attacks white's center.
How the Caro-Kann usually begins:
And the French:
As you can see, they have very similar statistics at the master level. Respectable 30% win rates, near 40% loss rates, and around 30% draw. The French has around 75,000 more games played - but that doesn't matter much. We're trying to settle the debate: which is better, the Caro-Kann or the French Defense?
The first difference that comes to mind for all of us is pawn structures. Pawn structures are everything and dictate play. In the Caro-Kann, black has pawns on c6 and d5, while in the French, e6 and d5. This makes a huge difference for many reasons. First, of course, is the mobility of the light-squared bishop. In the French, black's pawns on e6 and d5 restrict the LSB from going where it wants to go, locking it in the pawn chain, rendering it the weakest piece on the board, and forcing black to spend extra time looking for ways to trade it off (for example, playing ...b6 and Ba6). However, in the Caro-Kann, black does not have a pawn on e6 that limits the LSB's movement, and in many variations this bishop will become an active piece on e6, f5, or g4. One reason that many, many people prefer the Caro-Kann over the French.
So why do so many people love and play the French if it locks in one of their pieces? Well, it's complicated. You've probably heard the general guideline that where your pawn chain faces is where you should be attack (this is generally because you have more space on that side of the board). In the Caro-Kann, your pawn chain is b7-c6-d5, pointing towards the kingside.
But your d5 pawn will almost always be traded off for white's e4 pawn, leaving you with the pawn structure above when white has a space advantage with the d4 pawn. Black doesn't really have a pawn chain at all. There's many, many variations of the Caro-Kann, and in various ones black has play on the kingside or queenside. For example, in the Tarkatower Variation (1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 (Nd2) dxe4 4. Nxe4 Nf6), white will usually capture on f6, doubling black's pawns. Then black's plan is Bd6, 0-0, Re8, Nd7-f8-g6 and with play on the kingside.
However, in the Botvinnik-Carls Defense in the Advance (1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 c5), black gets queenside play by attacking white's extended center if white doesn't accept the pawn. That position resembles a French Advance, except that black is down a tempo not having played e6 yet. It gives the LSB freedom to help the siege on d4 by playing ...Bg4 after white's Nf3. 3. dxc5 is the main move because anything else, for example 3. c3, is at least equal for black after 3...Nc6. After the main line, the position actually is a French Advance in which white is up a tempo but has been forced to take on c5.
In many main line Caro-Kanns with 3...dxe4 4. Nxe4 Bf5 5. Ng3 Bg6 6. h4 h6 7. h5 Bh7 8. Nf3, black will castle kingside against white's queenside castle. White has a clear attack on the kingside with his h5-pawn and piece majority, but black will counterattack on the queenside with the ...c6-c5 break, making use of the c-file and active pieces.
By contrast, in most French Defense lines, black has clear play on the queenside. There are exceptions however but we won't go into them right now.
Take the common Advance Variation, for example. Black allows white to lock the center and gain central and kingside space while planning a counterattack on the center and queenside starting with the 3...c5 advance, possible queenside pawn advances, and piece masses.
If we go a bit further into the main line of the Paulsen, you see that black gains more space and fixes white's pawns on dark squares on the queenside with ...c5-c4. b3 becomes an outpost and black will want to play ...a5 and ...b5-b4 with queenside action.
Both of these are very complex and diverse openings. Both have many, many lines sprouting from the first two defining moves, and they can lead to extremely different types of positions.
Top players use certain variations of each as tools when they want a quick draw as black. In the French, a common line for players looking for a smooth draw is the Fort Knox.
And as black, a line I've played a few times myself is the 4...Nf6 Caro-Kann, usually leading to the Tarkatower which is officially only after white plays 5. Nxf6. Very solid for black and hard to make progress as white.
But these openings can also lead to some of the sharpest play there is. The Poisoned Pawn Variation of the Winawer French is crazy.
All sorts of fireworks go off and it's a very double-edged position, personally I prefer the black side of this.
And a very spicy alternative to the Tarkatower is the Bronstein-Larsen, when after 5. Nxf6 black recaptures with the g-pawn! Play is very imbalanced.
So, Caro-Kann or French? I play both. I like both. There's many reasons to prefer one over another, but they are both sound, interesting openings, and in the end you can't really say that one is better than the other as it is fully a matter of opinion.