This thread is intended to find some ideas how to play chaturanga. This game has no manuals, at least I did not manage to find much information in the net, so the best I can do is to write down some ideas and hypotheses, and let the stronger players to correct them.
Note: square coordinates are for the older setup, with the king on e1; this will be fixed soon, but remember that in the meantime.
0) Take a knight with anything else than a rook
Perhaps later on I'll create some tips for beginners as well, but this one alone is worth at least 200 rating points. Relative values of pawn, alfil and ferz may be a subject to discussion, but getting them wrong will lose you an equvalent of a pawn. Meanwhile, all of them are much weaker than a knight. Alfil is not a bishop, ferz is not a queen, knight is a strong piece.
1) Developement is mainly about connecting rooks
Two connected rooks on an uncontested open file seem like almost-winning positional advantage, sometimes worth sacrificing some material for (https://www.chess.com/variants/chaturanga/game/10559786). To reach this goal, or to prevent opponent from doing so, you need to connect rooks before position opens up. One simple way of reaching this goal is to move several pawns to the 3rd rank, and playing a rook to the 2nd rank, alfils staying on their initial squares. The other is what I call "flat developement" - knights on e2 and d2, ferz on c2, king of f2.
2) Pawns should move together and you should not obstruct their movement
In chaturanga pawns cannot move two squares. This means that a pawn on the 5th rank should be treated as semi-isolated, even if it has neighbours on the adjacent files. I have captured many such pawns. Also playing Alfil to d3/e3 when there is a pawn on d2/e2 is a positional mistake. Knight before pawn might be situationally good, especially if it can reach a good square afterwards, but I also tend to avoid that. In general "pieces behind pawns" works evn better than in normal chess.
3) Pawns should capture towards the center
Old Arabic theoreticians assigned different values to pawns, depending on their file, and treated central pawns as much more valuable. The corollary to this rule is that central pawns ought to be defended by other pawns. Strong c4/d4/e4/f4 white pawns and c5/d5/e5/f5 black pawns are especially important, and it is good to defend them twice.
4) You start with a color weakness and a color strength
This is indicated by the color of Your ferz. At the beginning, this piece is especially useful to defend squares not covered by pawns. It might be wise to place pawns on the color different than your ferz. Also, nothing short of placing a pawn there can prevent a f4-f5 break for white or f5-f4 break for black, due to possible alfil/ferz support.
Color weakness often calls for a ferz raid.
Color of promoted ferz is also important in the endgame. It is better to promote ferz of the color you don't have.
5) The king is a strong piece
Players stronger than me often manage to form an impenetrable defensive position with just a king, a ferz, two pawns and some situational support. Side with material advantage often can use king as an attacking piece, more often than in chess.
Since king is strong, it is not necessary to create a position ressembling a castle from normal chess, at least not right in the opening. A king on the 2nd rank, sheltered by pawns and defending them, is good enough. Early artificial castling just loses time, and is prone to "castling into attack" (https://www.chess.com/variants/chaturanga/game/10606305)
6) g3/b3 pawns are important defenders
They immobilize enemy alfils after their first move. They are probably at least as valuable as these alfils, and sacrificing an alfil for them requires much finer positional judgement than I have. They control important squares in extended center. They are either defended or unattackable by enemy pieces, because alfils cannot reach them.
7) Important squares should be defended by a pawn, a ferz or an alfil
Most of my losses were caused by failing to follow this principle. Strong opponents used such squares for their knights. So...
8) Please care for knight outposts
Outpost in context of chaturanga is a square safe from attacks by enemy pawns, ferzes and alfils (that is, of by all the pieces weaker than the knight), preferably defended by a pawn or by a weak piece. Also, it is possible to have an outpost square safe for the time being, if enemy ferz would have to make several moves to attack a knight or if it is busy elsewhere.